The Role of Migration and Domestic Transmission in the Spread of HIV-1 Non-B Subtypes in Switzerland

Wyl, Viktor von; Kouyos, Roger D.; Yerly, Sabine; Böni, Jürg; Shah, Cyril; Bürgisser, Philippe; Klimkait, Thomas; Weber, Rainer; Hirschel, Bernard; Cavassini, Matthias; Staehelin, Cornelia; Battegay, Manuel; Vernazza, Pietro; Bernasconi, Enos; Ledergerber, Bruno; Bonhoeffer, Sebastian; Günthard, Huldrych F.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jir491

Cited by 73 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The present work confirms CRF02_AG as the prevalent circulating recombinant form in our region, as well as in several European countries (González-Alba et al, 2011;von Wyl et al, 2011;Yebra et al, 2012), in contrast to that observed in the northern part of Italy where subtype F1 is the most prevalent non-B clade (Lai et al, 2010), mirroring the extensive influx of immigrants from Romania, an European country with a massive prevalence of subtype F1 HIV-1 infections .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Brazil, the Caribbean, and Thailand) could likely be responsible for the entry of an array of group M subtypes into formerly subtype B-restricted geographic areas and, consequently, contributing for the changing profile of the local HIV epidemiology in host countries (Rice et al, 2012). As similarly reported in other studies in Italy (Lai et al, 2010) and elsewhere (Hawke et al, 2012;von Wyl et al, 2011), in the present paper, the totality of non-B infections among immigrant subjects correlate to heterosexual transmission, while non-B infections in homosexual individuals were exclusively found in Italian-born patients. Of note, native Italians who were infected with HIV-1 non-B strains mainly harboured URFs while known CRFs/subtypes were found only in a minority group of subjects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dynamics and molecular evolution of HIV-1 strains in Sicily among antiretroviral naïve patients

Tramuto

Maida

Bonura

et al. 2013

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. CRF02_AG was the prevalent non-B clade (n = 28/48, 58.3%), while subtype C-related strains were responsible for about 30% HIV-1 infections. In most cases authorsNon-B viruses strictly associated with heterosexual transmission (85.4%) and were mostly found among immigrants (77.1%). Phylogenetic analysis of non-B sequences found in foreign-born subjects was geographically correlated to the respective country of origin. Moreover, the detection of non-B viral variants in the autochthonous population may support an increasing genetic diversity in Sicily as well as a local circulation of HIV strains also uncommon in our country.In Sicily, HIV-1 epidemic is still mostly attributable to the B subtype. Nevertheless, migration and population movements are progressively introducing novel HIV-1 subtypes causing a continuous increase of HIV-1 molecular dynamic at local level. Molecular surveillance is needed to monitor the genetic evolution of HIV-1 epidemic.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Dynamics and molecular evolution of HIV-1 strains in Sicily among antiretroviral naïve patients

Tramuto

Maida

Bonura

et al. 2013

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is important to gain a further understanding on the causes underlying this difference, also in light of the evidence supporting a recent increase in infections with non-B HIV-1 subtypes in several western European countries (15)(16)(17)44). In this study, we analyzed 289 HIV-1-infected individuals from Minho province, Portugal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a Local HIV-1 Epidemic in Portugal Highlights Established Transmission of Non-B and Non-G Subtypes

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The existing data support Portugal as the western European country with the highest HIV-1 subtype diversity. However, detailed phylogenetic studies of Portuguese HIV-1 epidemics are still scarce. Thus, our main goal was to analyze the phylodynamics of a local HIV-1 infection in the Portuguese region of Minho. Molecular epidemiological analysis was applied to data from 289 HIV-1-infected individuals followed at the reference hospital of the province of Minho, Portugal, at which isolated viruses had been sequenced between 2000 and 2012. Viruses of the G (29.1%) and B (27.0%) subtypes were the most frequent, followed by recombinant forms (17.6%) and the C (14.5%), F1 (7.3%), and A1 (4.2%) subtypes. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that the odds of being infected with the A1 and F1 subtypes increased over the years compared with those with B, G, or C subtypes or recombinant viruses. As expected, polyphyletic patterns suggesting multiple and old introductions of the B and G subtypes were found. However, transmission clusters of non-B and non-G viruses among native individuals were also found, with the dates of the most recent common ancestor estimated to be in the early 2000s. Our study supports that the HIV-1 subtype diversity in the Portuguese region of Minho is high and has been increasing in a manner that is apparently driven by factors other than immigration and international travel. Infections with A1 and F1 viruses in the region of Minho are becoming established and are mainly found in sexually transmitted clusters, reinforcing the need for more efficacious control measures targeting this infection route.

show abstract

“…Differences in the studied ethnic groups may be due to a range of factors. For example, infection characteristics in our cohort differed among ethnicities: nonwhite participants acquired HIV-1 more frequently outside of Switzerland, their infection was detected later and they showed higher frequencies of females and heterosexual transmissions 36,37 (Supplementary Table 12). Controlling for confounding parameters, our analysis confirmed, however, that black ethnicity is associated with higher bnAb frequencies independently of influences from all other probed variables, including the duration of infection (Supplementary Table 11).…”

Section: Defining Determinants Of Bnab Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody induction

Rusert

Kouyos

Kadelka

et al. 2016

Nat Med

Self Cite

141

243

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract1 2 6 0 VOLUME 22 | NUMBER 11 | NOVEMBER 2016 nature medicine a r t i c l e s bnAbs have become blueprints for vaccine design owing to their unequalled activity against divergent HIV-1 strains and proven potency in preventing and suppressing HIV-1 infection after in vivo administration [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . Elicitation of potent bnAb activity is relatively rare in natural HIV-1 infection: only 10-25% of infected individuals develop breadth, and an estimated 1% generate highly potent bnAb, or 'elite neutralization' , activity 9,10 . Although much is known about the functional properties of bnAbs, the parameters that govern their evolution in natural infection remain unknown, which is a critical limitation for vaccine development. To date, no vaccine approach has induced bnAb responses that match those elicited in natural infection 1,11 . Defining what restricts and promotes bnAb evolution in certain individuals will be crucial for devising successful vaccine regimens, as the same restrictions are likely to be encountered during immunization.Observations that bnAb activity arises predominantly in viremic individuals after several years of infection and is linked to lower CD4 + cell counts (referred to here as CD4 levels) 4,12-14 strongly suggest that prolonged exposure to viral antigen is needed for induction of bnAbs.Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are a focal component of HIV-1 vaccine design, yet basic aspects of their induction remain poorly understood. Here we report on viral, host and disease factors that steer bnAb evolution using the results of a systematic survey in 4,484 HIV-1-infected individuals that identified 239 bnAb inducers. We show that three parameters that reflect the exposure to antigen-viral load, length of untreated infection and viral diversity-independently drive bnAb evolution. Notably, black participants showed significantly (P = 0.0086-0.038) higher rates of bnAb induction than white participants. Neutralization fingerprint analysis, which was used to delineate plasma specificity, identified strong virus subtype dependencies, with higher frequencies of CD4-binding-site bnAbs in infection with subtype B viruses (P = 0.02) and higher frequencies of V2-glycan-specific bnAbs in infection with non-subtype B viruses (P = 1 × 10 −5 ). Thus, key host, disease and viral determinants, including subtypespecific envelope features that determine bnAb specificity, remain to be unraveled and harnessed for bnAb-based vaccine design.This may be necessary in part to allow the extensive antibody-affinity maturation that is characteristic of many HIV-1-specific bnAbs 15,16 . Similarly, antigen levels may be relevant, as bnAbs have been found to evolve less frequently in individuals with lower viral loads 1,4,13,17 . Individual case studies delineating pathways of bnAb maturation have highlighted the tight interplay between virus escape and antibody adaptation that precedes the development of a broad neutralization response [18][19][20][21][22][23] . In line with this, the viral envelop...

show abstract

The Role of Migration and Domestic Transmission in the Spread of HIV-1 Non-B Subtypes in Switzerland

Abstract: Of all non-B infections diagnosed in Switzerland, <25% could be prevented by domestic interventions. Awareness should be raised among immigrants and Swiss individuals with partners from high prevalence countries to contain the spread of non-B subtypes.

Cited by 73 publications

References 18 publications

Dynamics and molecular evolution of HIV-1 strains in Sicily among antiretroviral naïve patients

Dynamics and molecular evolution of HIV-1 strains in Sicily among antiretroviral naïve patients

Analysis of a Local HIV-1 Epidemic in Portugal Highlights Established Transmission of Non-B and Non-G Subtypes

Determinants of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody induction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About