The Role of miRNAs in Cartilage Homeostasis

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related disease with poorly understood pathogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNA might play a key role in OA initiation and development. We reviewed recent publications and elucidated the connection between miRNA and OA cartilage anabolic and catabolic signals, including four signaling pathways: TGF-/Smads and BMPs signaling, associated with cartilage anabolism; and MAPK and NF-KB signaling, associated with cartilage catabolism. We also explored the relationships with MMP, ADAMTS and NOS (NitricOxide Synthases) families, as well as with the catabolic cytokines IL-1 and TNF-. The potential role of miRNAs in biological processes such as cartilage degeneration, chondrocyte proliferation, and differentiation is discussed. Collective evidence indicates that miRNAs play a critical role in cartilage degeneration. These findings will aid in understanding the molecular network that governs articular cartilage homeostasis and in to elucidate the role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of OA.

Hybridization of Energy Storage Systems for electric transportation by means of bidirectional Power Electronic Converters

“…The main advantages of VRFB are as following [4], [14][15][16][17][18][19]:  It is an energy storage device which intended for energy rather than for power.  Its storage efficiency is high as it can work for hours.…”

“…1. With this topology, the power flow of each storage device can be controlled independently thanks to the two DC/DC converters offering a high flexibility to manage the HESS [2], [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. …”

“… The first option is a real time simulation [14], however the equipment associated with this solution is very expensive.…”

Control strategies for MMC using cells with power transfer capability

“…The DC current is controlled to match the DC and AC powers (10)- (11). In addition, cell capacitor voltages must be kept at their target value, e.g.…”

Control Global del Péndulo con Rueda de Reacción Empleado Redes Neuronales Artificiales y Linealización Extendida

“…Con lo cual se entregó a la comunidad académica un sistema físico que permite la aplicación de gran variedad de estrategias de control, tanto lineales, como no lineales. El sistema RWP hace parte del conjunto de péndulo invertidos, dentro de los que se destacan: el péndulo invertido clásico [1], el péndulo rotacional invertido o péndulo de Furuta [2] y el Pendubot [3] (péndulo conformado por dos brazos conectados en serie); que son ampliamente conocidos por su dinámica no lineal compleja, lo cual permite el análisis y diseño de controladores sofisticados que pueden operar en todo el rango de operación de la planta (controlador global), o diseñados para operar soló en regiones de operación especificas (controlador local).…”