“…To be clear, what we mean by 'system description' is that this literature has not only been concerned to describe how we arrived at the present fiscal-monetary order in modern states but also how new money enters the economy (Bell, 2000(Bell, , 2001Bell and Henry, 2001;Graziani, 2009;Kim, 2011;Lau and Smithin, 2002;Semenova, 2011;Sgambati, 2016;Smithin, 2000;Werner, 2014aWerner, , 2014bWray, 1998Wray, , 2002Wray, , 2004Wray, , 2015. In our view, this literature is extremely valuable but limited in that it does not examine the consequences of present money creation but merely sets out to describe how the monetary system may (or may not) function.…”