The role of monocytes in malaria infection

Abstract

Malaria remains one of the most common human infections worldwide. in endemic areas, malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and it imposes significant socioeconomic burdens on the people affected. Monocytes are part of the immune system controlling parasite burden and protecting the host against malaria infection. Monocytes play their protective roles against malaria via phagocytosis, cytokine production and antigen presentation. though monocytes are crucial for clearance of malaria infection, they have also been shown to cause adverse clinical outcomes. in this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the role of monocytes in malaria via mechanisms such as parasite detection and clearance, pro-inflammatory activities, and activation of other immune components. We also highlight the role of different monocyte subsets, and other myeloid cells that are involved in malaria infection. however, more investigations are required in order to explore the exact roles of these monocytes in malaria infection.

Phenotype and function of IL-10 producing NK cells in individuals with malaria experience

“…IL-12 is secreted by monocytes and macrophages during NK cell and myeloid cell cross-talk [48]. Monocytes make IL-12 in the process of engulfing infected RBCs [12]. There are many inflammatory molecules in Plasmodium-infected RBCs, such as hemozoin, which activates the inflammasome pathway to induce IL-12 and IL-18 [49].…”

“…During the erythrocytic stage of infection, the optimal host immune response maintains a delicate balance between curbing parasite growth and minimizing host immunopathology. Proposed mechanisms to kill Plasmodium-infected red blood cells (RBCs) and limit parasite growth are thought to include phagocytosis and direct cytotoxic killing of infected RBCs [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Recently, NK cells have been shown to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum growth in vitro through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) [6].…”