The role of mRNA structure in translational control in bacteria

Geissmann, Thomas; Marzi, Stefano; Romby, Pascale

doi:10.4161/rna.6.2.8047

Cited by 54 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…These trans-asRNAs only share short stretches of complementarity with their multiple target mRNAs. [102][103][104][105] The majority of trans-asRNAs depend on an accessory protein for exerting their activity. The best-studied example is the E. coli Sm-like protein Hfq, which, for instance, stabilizes the sRNA DsrA and facilitates its interaction with the rpoS mRNA, thereby altering its structure and in turn activating translation.…”

Section: Current Methods Employed To Study Rna Structure In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cis-asRNAs usually display extensive base-pairing with a single target mRNA (e.g., the hok-sok pair). [102][103][104][105] Commonly such asRNAs are associated with plasmids, phages and transposons or act as antitoxins. Alternatively, asRNAs are encoded from an autonomous locus in the genome.…”

Section: Current Methods Employed To Study Rna Structure In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sRNAs are ribo-regulators affecting all steps of gene expression through modulating RNA structure, thereby allowing the cell to adapt to environmental cues and to control bacterial pathogenesis. [102][103][104][105] In general, one has to distinguish between sRNAs acting in trans and those in cis.…”

Section: Current Methods Employed To Study Rna Structure In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[102][103][104][105] The asRNA regulation typically results in the inhibition of transcription or translation or it induces degradation of target RNAs. These asRNAs can be transcribed from the opposite strand of genes which they regulate.…”

Section: Current Methods Employed To Study Rna Structure In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the most common type of regulatory mechanism by trans-asRNAs is translation repression, but a few notable examples for an activating mode of action have been described. [102][103][104][105] In addition, mRNAs, specifically their 5'UTR, can function as a direct sensor for the physical and metabolic state of the cell. One class of cis-regulatory elements, the riboswitches, responds to trans-acting ligands such as the intracellular concentration of metabolites (i.e., nucleobases, coenzymes, sugars, amino acids) and metal ions.…”

Section: O N O T D I S T R I B U T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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RNA folding in living cells

Zemora

Waldsich

2010

RNA Biology

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Section: Current Methods Employed To Study Rna Structure In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Methods Employed To Study Rna Structure In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Methods Employed To Study Rna Structure In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Methods Employed To Study Rna Structure In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: O N O T D I S T R I B U T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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RNA folding in living cells

Zemora

Waldsich

2010

RNA Biology

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Translation Initiation Models in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Londei

2015

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Translation is one stage of protein synthesis in which messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) acts as a template for the synthesis of a polypeptide chain; it consists of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination and ribosome recycling. Initiation of protein synthesis, entailing ribosomal recognition of the mRNA start codon and the setting of the correct reading frame, is the rate‐limiting step of translation and the main target of translation regulation in all cells. However, the mechanism and molecular machinery for initiation have diverged in the primary domains of life: the Bacteria, the Archaea and the Eukarya (eukaryotes). In bacteria, translation initiation is relatively simple, whereas in eukaryotes, it is complex and requires more components. In archaea, despite their prokaryotic phenotype, the machinery for protein synthesis initiation is much more elaborated than in bacteria and presents intriguing similarities with the corresponding eukaryotic process. The features of translational initiation in archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes are reviewed, highlighting the divergent and common aspects of this important cellular process in the three domains of life. Key Concepts Initiation is the first of four steps of the translation cycle. During initiation, the small ribosomal subunit interacts with the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and finds the right start codon, thereby setting the correct reading frame for decoding. In all cells, translation initiation is assisted and modulated by several proteins called translation initiation factors (IFs). The most important roles of the IFs are to select the proper initiator transfer RNA, adjust it correctly in the ribosomal P site, ensure the accurate selection of the start codon and prevent the premature joining of the large ribosomal subunit to the pre‐initiation complex. Initiation is the rate‐limiting step of translation. It is the efficiency whereby an mRNA is decoded and the amount of final product is largely determined at the initiation level. In all cells, the principal mechanisms of translational control act at the level of initiation, usually targeting certain IFs that play essential roles in the initiation process. The initiation step of translation has incurred a marked evolutionary divergence. The mechanism and components of initiation differ in several aspects in the three primary domains of life, that is, the Bacteria, the Archaea and the Eukaryotes. The Bacteria have the simplest machinery for translation initiation. However, this is not because they are prokaryotes. The other prokaryotic domain, the Archaea, has a fairly complex machinery for initiation, resembling that of eukaryotes, which have the most complex initiation process.

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