The Role of Muscle in Insect Energy Homeostasis

Bretscher, Heidi; O’Connor, Michael B.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.580687

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, as we mentioned previously, insulin is highly involved in energy homeostasis, inter alia , by increasing the rate of glycolysis in muscles by stimulating hexokinase and 6-phosphofructokinase activity and stimulating glycogen synthesis ( Dimitriadis et al, 2011 ). Recent reports concerning the role of ILPs in the regulation of the functioning of insect muscles showed that, similar to vertebrate insulin, these neuropeptides are also important for the regulation of growth and ageing, and the control of energy storage in the muscles ( Bai et al, 2013 ; Bretscher and O’Connor, 2020 ).…”

Section: Metabolic Processes Regulated By Ilpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the participation of ILP signalling in insect muscle growth and functioning, regulation of the availability of energy substrates stored in insect muscles by ILPs is no less important ( Bretscher and O’Connor, 2020 ). The main energy substrate accumulated in insect muscles is glycogen.…”

Section: Metabolic Processes Regulated By Ilpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main energy substrate accumulated in insect muscles is glycogen. Similar to vertebrates, glycogen synthesis in insects is controlled in the muscles by ILP signalling ( Yamada et al, 2018 ; Bretscher and O’Connor, 2020 ). However, ILPs participate not only in the regulation of glycogen synthesis but also in energy liberation by breaking down glycogen to glucose.…”

Section: Metabolic Processes Regulated By Ilpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…JAK-STAT signalling is activated by the Unpaired 3 (Upd3) cytokine. Recent studies have shown that the appearance of this cytokine may have some implications not only for immune system functioning but also for muscle metabolism ( Bretscher and O’Connor, 2020 ; Kierdorf et al, 2020 ). Releasing Upd3 from haemocytes during infection could reduce ILP sensitivity in muscles by activating JAK-STAT.…”

Section: Metabolic Processes Regulated By Ilpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insulin-Like Peptides and Cross-Talk With Other Factors in the Regulation of Insect Metabolism

et al. 2021

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The insulin-like peptide (ILP) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathways play a crucial role in the regulation of metabolism, growth and development, fecundity, stress resistance, and lifespan. ILPs are encoded by multigene families that are expressed in nervous and non-nervous organs, including the midgut, salivary glands, and fat body, in a tissue- and stage-specific manner. Thus, more multidirectional and more complex control of insect metabolism can occur. ILPs are not the only factors that regulate metabolism. ILPs interact in many cross-talk interactions of different factors, for example, hormones (peptide and nonpeptide), neurotransmitters and growth factors. These interactions are observed at different levels, and three interactions appear to be the most prominent/significant: (1) coinfluence of ILPs and other factors on the same target cells, (2) influence of ILPs on synthesis/secretion of other factors regulating metabolism, and (3) regulation of activity of cells producing/secreting ILPs by various factors. For example, brain insulin-producing cells co-express sulfakinins (SKs), which are cholecystokinin-like peptides, another key regulator of metabolism, and express receptors for tachykinin-related peptides, the next peptide hormones involved in the control of metabolism. It was also shown that ILPs in Drosophila melanogaster can directly and indirectly regulate AKH. This review presents an overview of the regulatory role of insulin-like peptides in insect metabolism and how these factors interact with other players involved in its regulation.

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Section: Metabolic Processes Regulated By Ilpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolic Processes Regulated By Ilpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolic Processes Regulated By Ilpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolic Processes Regulated By Ilpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insulin-Like Peptides and Cross-Talk With Other Factors in the Regulation of Insect Metabolism

et al. 2021

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“…Glycolysis is a major metabolic pathway that plays a vital role in core energy processing reactions, and as a source of metabolites for other biochemical processes. For insects, there is a high utilization of glucose in flight muscle located in the thorax [24]. As a result, the activities of glycolytic enzymes are increased in insect flight muscle compared to vertebrate muscle tissue [25].…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annotation of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and trehaloneogenesis pathways provide insight into carbohydrate metabolism in the Asian citrus psyllid

Tamayo

Kercher²,

Vosburg³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Citrus greening disease is caused by the pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, which is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. There is no curative treatment or significant prevention mechanism for this detrimental disease that causes continued economic losses from reduced citrus production. A high quality genome of D. citri is being manually annotated to provide accurate gene models required to identify novel control targets and increase understanding of this pest. Here, we annotated genes involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and trehaloneogenesis in the D. citri genome, as these are core metabolic pathways and suppression could reduce this pest. Specifically, twenty-five genes were identified and annotated in the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways and seven genes for the trehaloneogenesis pathway. Comparative analysis showed that the glycolysis genes in D. citri are highly conserved compared to orthologs in other insect systems, but copy numbers vary in D. citri. Expression levels of the annotated gene models were analyzed and several enzymes in the glycolysis pathway showed high expression in the thorax. This is consistent with the primary use of glucose by flight muscles located in the thorax. A few of the genes annotated in D. citri have been targeted for gene knockdown as a proof of concept, for RNAi therapeutics. Thus, manual annotation of these core metabolic pathways provides accurate genomic foundations for developing gene-targeting therapeutics to reduce D. citri.

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Roles of peripheral clocks: lessons from the fly

Yildirim¹,

Curtis

Hwangbo

2021

FEBS Letters

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To adapt to and anticipate rhythmic changes in the environment such as daily light-dark and temperature cycles, internal timekeeping mechanisms called biological clocks evolved in a diverse set of organisms, from unicellular bacteria to humans. These biological clocks play critical roles in organisms' fitness and survival by temporally aligning physiological and behavioral processes to the external cues. The central clock is located in a small subset of neurons in the brain and drives daily activity rhythms, whereas most peripheral tissues harbor their own clock systems, which generate metabolic and physiological rhythms. Since the discovery of Drosophila melanogaster clock mutants in the early 1970s, the fruit fly has become an extensively studied model organism to investigate the mechanism and functions of circadian clocks. In this review, we primarily focus on D. melanogaster to survey key discoveries and progresses made over the past two decades in our understanding of peripheral clocks. We discuss physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of peripheral clocks in several different peripheral tissues of the fly.

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The Role of Muscle in Insect Energy Homeostasis

Cited by 26 publications

References 61 publications

Insulin-Like Peptides and Cross-Talk With Other Factors in the Regulation of Insect Metabolism

Insulin-Like Peptides and Cross-Talk With Other Factors in the Regulation of Insect Metabolism

Annotation of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and trehaloneogenesis pathways provide insight into carbohydrate metabolism in the Asian citrus psyllid

Roles of peripheral clocks: lessons from the fly

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