The role of native and introduced birds in transmission of avian malaria in Hawaii

McClure, Katherine M.; Fleischer, Robert C.; Kilpatrick, A. Marm

doi:10.1002/ecy.3038

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In comparison, the larger biotic community has been poorly investigated as a factor contributing to persistence or extinction of host species across wildlife diseases. Changes in the community composition following pathogen invasion are important when they have been investigated, such as in avian malaria in Hawaii (McClure et al ., 2020) and West Nile virus in the United States (Kilpatrick et al ., 2006), are likely important in determining whether or not frog species persist or recover following the invasion of Bd .…”

Section: Generalisation To Other Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms underlying host persistence following amphibian disease emergence determine appropriate management strategies

et al. 2020

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Emerging infectious diseases have caused many species declines, changes in communities and even extinctions. There are also many species that persist following devastating declines due to disease. The broad mechanisms that enable host persistence following declines include evolution of resistance or tolerance, changes in immunity and behaviour, compensatory recruitment, pathogen attenuation, environmental refugia, density-dependent transmission and changes in community composition. Here we examine the case of chytridiomycosis, the most important wildlife disease of the past century. We review the full breadth of mechanisms allowing host persistence, and synthesise research on host, pathogen, environmental and community factors driving persistence following chytridiomycosis-related declines and overview the current evidence and the information required to support each mechanism. We found that for most species the mechanisms facilitating persistence have not been identified. We illustrate how the mechanisms that drive long-term host population dynamics determine the most effective conservation management strategies. Therefore, understanding mechanisms of host persistence is important because many species continue to be threatened by disease, some of which will require intervention. The conceptual framework we describe is broadly applicable to other novel disease systems.

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Section: Generalisation To Other Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms underlying host persistence following amphibian disease emergence determine appropriate management strategies

et al. 2020

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“…We first used principal component analyses (PCAs) to investigate clustering among the samples in both datasets. These PCAs were conducted with the program PLINK v. 1.90b6.6 (Purcell et al 2007), and the results visualized using R v. 4.0.2 (R Core Team 2020), focusing on the first two principal components (PC1 & PC2). We also examined patterns of genetic structure within our data using a maximum likelihood approach with the program ADMIXTURE v. 1.3.0 (Alexander et al 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific populations of these two species are critical urban vectors of human periodic filariasis ( Wuchereria bancrofti ) and several epidemic encephalitides such as West Nile virus (Kramer et al 2008) and Usutu virus (Eiden et al 2018). They also vector avian malaria, a group of parasites that have become of critical concern to island bird communities in Hawaii, the Galapagos, and elsewhere (Bataille et al 2009, McClure et al 2020, Paxton et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A gene-based capture assay for surveying patterns of genetic diversity and insecticide resistance in a worldwide group of invasive mosquitoes

Aardema

Campana

Wagner

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Understanding patterns of diversification, genetic exchange, and pesticide resistance in insect species of human health concern is necessary for effective population reduction and management. With the broad availability of next-generation sequencing technologies, one of the best approaches for surveying such patterns involves the simultaneous genotyping of many samples for large numbers of genetic markers from across the known genome. To this end, the targeting of gene sequences of known function or inheritance can be a cost-effective strategy. One insect group of substantial health concern are the mosquito taxa that make up the Culex pipiens complex. Members of this complex transmit damaging arboviruses and filariae worms to humans, as well as other pathogens that are detrimental to endangered vertebrate species such as bird malaria. Here we describe our development of a targeted gene-based assay for surveying genetic diversity and population structure in this mosquito complex. To test the utility of this assay, we examined taxonomic divergence among samples from several members of the complex, as well as distinct populations of the relatively under-studied Culex quinquefasciatus, an urban pantropical species. We also examined the presence of known insecticide-resistance conferring alleles. Broadly, our developed gene-based assay proved effective for examining patterns of taxonomic and geographic clustering within the species complex, as well as for surveying genetic variants that have been associated with insecticide resistance. This assay will be useful for future studies that aim to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying the evolution of ubiquitous and increasingly damaging disease vectors.

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“…To date, there has been a collection of evidence from diverse disease systems and host species, including invertebrates, amphibians, birds and mammals, supporting each of the five mechanisms offered by Keesing et al [13] to explain diversity-disease relationships, namely 'encounter reduction' and 'transmission reduction' [12,27,50], 'recovery augmentation' [51], 'susceptible host regulation' [12,14], and 'infected host mortality' [47]. However, the tendency of experimental studies to focus on a single mechanism precludes a definitive inference about the relative importance of these mechanisms in observed diversity-disease relationships [12].…”

Section: (B) Avoiding Single Hypothesis Bias Is Essential To Obtain a Complete Understanding Of Diversitydisease Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The dilution effect behind the scenes: testing the underlying assumptions of its mechanisms through quantifying the long-term dynamics and effects of a pathogen in multiple host species

et al. 2021

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Disentangling the mechanisms that mediate the relationships between species diversity and disease risk has both theoretical and applied implications. We employed a model system of rodents and their Mycoplasma pathogens, in which an extreme negative diversity–disease relationship was demonstrated, to test the assumptions underlying three mechanisms that may explain this field pattern. Through quantifying the long-term dynamics and effects of the pathogen in its three host species, we estimated the between-host differences in pathogen spreading and transmission potentials, and host recovery potential and vulnerability to infection. The results suggest that one of the hosts is a pathogen amplifier and the other two hosts function as diluters. Considering the similarity in infection success and intensity among hosts, and the failure to detect any pathogen-induced damage, we could not validate the assumption underlying the hypotheses that diluters reduce the overall transmission or increase the mortality of infected hosts in the system. Instead, the results demonstrate that diluters clear the infection faster than amplifiers, supporting the possibility that the addition of diluters to the community may reduce the overall number of infected hosts through this mechanism. This study highlights the contribution of experimental studies that simultaneously explore different aspects of host–pathogen interactions in multiple hosts, in diversity–disease research.

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The role of native and introduced birds in transmission of avian malaria in Hawaii

Abstract: This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

Cited by 25 publications

References 79 publications

Mechanisms underlying host persistence following amphibian disease emergence determine appropriate management strategies

Mechanisms underlying host persistence following amphibian disease emergence determine appropriate management strategies

A gene-based capture assay for surveying patterns of genetic diversity and insecticide resistance in a worldwide group of invasive mosquitoes

The dilution effect behind the scenes: testing the underlying assumptions of its mechanisms through quantifying the long-term dynamics and effects of a pathogen in multiple host species

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