2018
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00367
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The Role of Natural Killer T Cells in Cancer—A Phenotypical and Functional Approach

Abstract: Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of CD1d-restricted T cells at the interface between the innate and adaptive immune system. NKT cells can be subdivided into functional subsets that respond rapidly to a wide variety of glycolipids and stress-related proteins using T- or natural killer (NK) cell-like effector mechanisms. Because of their major modulating effects on immune responses via secretion of cytokines, NKT cells are also considered important players in tumor immunosurveillance. During early tumor… Show more

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Cited by 190 publications
(197 citation statements)
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References 270 publications
(377 reference statements)
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“…After MACS isolation, we also observed a CD3 + CD56 − population, indicating that a subpopulation of NKT cells does not express CD56, which is already known and described in the literature [33]. Thus, the total amount of pure NKT cells is most likely higher in our study.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 74%
“…After MACS isolation, we also observed a CD3 + CD56 − population, indicating that a subpopulation of NKT cells does not express CD56, which is already known and described in the literature [33]. Thus, the total amount of pure NKT cells is most likely higher in our study.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 74%
“…In the early stages of cancer development, NKT cells may promote the maturation of dendritic cells and even assume a T helper 1 phenotype to induce an effective antitumor response. In contrast, when chronically stimulated, these cells can become anergic and switch to a T helper 2/T regulatory profile, to promote M2 macrophage polarization and facilitate immune escape and consequent tumour progression 95 . Based on our findings regarding NKT cells and M2 macrophages and on the evidence that endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, at least the later stages, we hypothesised that the anergy of NKT cells may promote M2 macrophage polarization in the eutopic endometrium.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Besides T cells, NK and NKT cells are known to have diverse functions in antitumor immune responses by directly killing malignant cells or induce cells such as CD8 + T cells to attack the tumor via the immune-activated production of cytokines [16,24]. Anti-PD1 monoclonal antibodies are designed to inhibit the inactivating binding of the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), by binding to the PD-1 receptor on the surface of an activated T cell, thus enabling the antitumor immune response by T cells [5].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%