The role of neurotensin in positive reinforcement in the rat central nucleus of amygdala

László, Kristóf; Tóth, K.; Kertes, Erika; Péczely, László; Lénárd, László

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.12.022

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…However, this result is consistent with experimental data indicating that the CeA plays an important role in reward-related processes and appetitive motivation, including acquisition and expression of conditioned place preference (Kertes et al, 2009;László et al, 2010;Rezayof et al, 2011). Moreover, it has been shown that lesions of the CeA result in an impaired memory for magnitude of food reinforcement (Kesner et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…3A). Because the CeA has previously been implicated in the appetitive learning, including place preference training in the IntelliCages (Knapska et al, 2006(Knapska et al, , 2007, we next investigated whether MMP-9 activity could be detected in the CeA and then increased in mice subjected to the place preference learning. MMP-9 activity was previously found at the postsynaptic domains of excitatory synapses in the hippocampus (Wilczynski et al, 2008).…”

Section: Figure 2 Appetitively But Not Aversively Motivated Discrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, molecular imaging at the cellular resolution suggests that specific subnuclei of the amygdala are differentially activated in a behavior-specific manner (Savonenko et al, 1999;Knapska et al, 2006Knapska et al, , 2007. Studies on expression of gene activity markers, such as c-fos, in response to different types of behavioral training have demonstrated that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is intimately associated with instrumental appetitive learning in mice and rats (Knapska et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amygdala consists of several cytoarchitectonically welldefined and internally distinguishable nuclei (Pitkänen et al, 2000;Sah et al, 2003;Knapska et al, 2007). Phylogenetically and morphologically, one can discriminate two major subdivisions of the amygdalar complex: the dorsomedial and basolateral groups of nuclei (Johnston, 1923;Humphrey, 1936;McDonald, 1992;Roberts, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reward Learning Requires Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in the Central Amygdala

et al. 2013

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Learning how to avoid danger and pursue reward depends on negative emotions motivating aversive learning and positive emotions motivating appetitive learning. The amygdala is a key component of the brain emotional system; however, an understanding of how various emotions are differentially processed in the amygdala has yet to be achieved. We report that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, extracellularly operating enzyme) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is crucial for appetitive, but not for aversive, learning in mice. The knock-out of MMP-9 impairs appetitively motivated conditioning, but not an aversive one. MMP-9 is present at the excitatory synapses in the CeA with its activity greatly enhanced after the appetitive training. Finally, blocking extracellular MMP-9 activity with its inhibitor TIMP-1 provides evidence that local MMP-9 activity in the CeA is crucial for the appetitive, but not for aversive, learning.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Figure 2 Appetitively But Not Aversively Motivated Discrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reward Learning Requires Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in the Central Amygdala

et al. 2013

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“…On the other hand, the concentration of SR48692 (NTSR1 antagonist) was in the range of fmol (10 fmol–1000 fmol). Because SR 48692 has an agonistic effect at high doses [55], [56], we used a low concentration of SR48692 compared to PD149163, which was also comparable to the dose range used by others for intracerebral injections [29], [51], [57], [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Separation Enhances Conditioned Fear and Decreases the mRNA Levels of the Neurotensin Receptor 1 Gene with Hypermethylation of This Gene in the Rat Amygdala

et al. 2014

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Stress during postnatal development is associated with an increased risk for depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse later in life, almost as if mental illness is able to be programed by early life stressors. Recent studies suggest that such “programmed” effects can be caused by epigenetic regulation. With respect to conditioned fear, previous studies have indicated that early life stress influences its development in adulthood, whereas no potential role of epigenetic regulation has been reported. Neurotensin (NTS) is an endogenous neuropeptide that has receptors densely located in the amygdala and hippocampus. Recently, NTS systems have constituted an emerging target for the treatment of anxiety. The aim of the present work is to clarify whether the NTS system is involved in the disturbance of conditioned fear in rats stressed by maternal separation (MS). The results showed that MS enhanced freezing behaviors in fear-conditioned stress and reduced the gene expression of NTS receptor (NTSR) 1 but not of NTS or NTSR2 in the amygdalas of adult rats. The microinjection of a NTSR1 antagonist into the amygdala increased the percentage of freezing in conditioned fear, whereas the microinjection of NTSR1 agonist decreased freezing. These results suggest that NTSR1 in the amygdala may play a role in the effects of MS on conditioned fear stress in adult rats. Moreover, MS increased DNA methylation in the promoter region of NTSR1 in the amygdala. Taken together, MS may leave epigenetic marks in the NTSR1 gene in the amygdala, which may enhance conditioned fear in adulthood. The MS-induced alternations of DNA methylation in the promoter region of NTSR1 in the amygdala may be associated with vulnerability to the development of anxiety disorders and depression in adulthood.

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Investigation of Cochlospermum religiosum leaves for antidepressant and anxiolytic activities and its synergistic effect with imipramine and fluoxetine

Bhatt

Behl

Sehgal

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The role of neurotensin in positive reinforcement in the rat central nucleus of amygdala

Cited by 31 publications

References 63 publications

Reward Learning Requires Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in the Central Amygdala

Reward Learning Requires Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in the Central Amygdala

Maternal Separation Enhances Conditioned Fear and Decreases the mRNA Levels of the Neurotensin Receptor 1 Gene with Hypermethylation of This Gene in the Rat Amygdala

Investigation of Cochlospermum religiosum leaves for antidepressant and anxiolytic activities and its synergistic effect with imipramine and fluoxetine

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