The role of nitrate reductase in the degradation of the explosive RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) by Penicillium sp. AK96151

Anke, Heidrun; Kuhn, Andrea; Weber, Roland W.S.

doi:10.1007/s11557-006-0059-y

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 43 publications

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“…Hydoxylated metabolites of some herbicides in plants are predominantly formed via CYP450-mediated oxidation (Siminszky, 2006). NaR and GST were reported to mediate the reductive degradation of PCBs and some explosives (Blanchette and Singh, 2003;Anke et al, 2003;Medina et al, 2004;Magee et al, 2008). But the key enzymes involved in PBDE degradation in plants are virtually unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro biotransformation of PBDEs by root crude enzyme extracts: Potential role of nitrate reductase (NaR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in their debromination

et al. 2013

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h i g h l i g h t s" PBDEs could be debrominated and hydroxylated by the root crude enzyme extracts. " Debromination was the main degradation pathway. " In vitro and in vivo exposure to PBDEs produced the similar enzyme responses. " NaR and GST were the key enzymes in the plant degradation of PBDEs. a r t i c l e i n f o t r a c tIn order to investigate the enzyme transformation of PBDEs and to track the key enzymes involved in PBDE degradation in plants, in vivo exposure of plants of ryegrass, pumpkin and maize and in vitro exposure of their root crude enzyme extracts to PBDEs were conducted. Degradation of PBDEs in the root crude enzyme solutions fit well with the first order kinetics (R 2 = 0.52-0.97, P < 0.05), and higher PBDEs degraded faster than the lower ones. PBDEs could be transformed to lower brominated PBDEs and hydroxylated-PBDEs by the root crude enzyme extracts with debromination as the main pathway which contributed over 90% of PBDE depletion. In vitro and in vivo exposure to PBDEs produced similar responses in root enzyme activities of which the nitroreductase (NaR) and glutathione-transferase (GST) activities decreased significantly, while the peroxidase, catalase and cytochrome P-450 activities had no significant changes. Furthermore, higher enzyme concentrations of NaR and GST led to higher PBDE debromination rates, and the time-dependent activities of NaR and GST in the root crude enzyme extracts were similar to the trends of PBDE depletion. All these results suggest that NaR and GST were the key enzymes responsible for PBDE degradation. This conclusion was further confirmed by the in vitro debromination of PBDEs with the commercial pure NaR and GST.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro biotransformation of PBDEs by root crude enzyme extracts: Potential role of nitrate reductase (NaR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in their debromination

et al. 2013

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Augmentation of stimulated Pelomonas aquatica dispersible granules enhances remediation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) contaminated soil

Khan

Yadav

Sharma

et al. 2020

Environmental Technology & Innovation

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Tracing the cycling and fate of the munition, Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine in a simulated sandy coastal marine habitat with a stable isotopic tracer, 15N-[RDX]

Ariyarathna

Ballentine

Vlahos

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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Coastal marine habitats become contaminated with the munitions constituent, Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-trazine (RDX), via military training, weapon testing and leakage of unexploded ordnance. This study used N labeled RDX in simulated aquarium-scale coastal marine habitat containing seawater, sediment, and biota to track removal pathways from surface water including sorption onto particulates, degradation to nitroso-triazines and mineralization to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). The two aquaria received continuous RDX inputs to maintain a steady state concentration (0.4 mg L) over 21 days. Time series RDX and nitroso-triazine concentrations in dissolved (surface and porewater) and sorbed phases (sediment and suspended particulates) were analyzed. Distributions of DIN species (ammonium, nitrate + nitrite and dissolved N) in sediments and overlying water were also measured along with geochemical variables in the aquaria. Partitioning of RDX and RDX-derived breakdown products onto surface sediment represented 13% of the total added N as RDX (N-[RDX]) equivalents after 21 days. Measured nitroso-triazines in the aquaria accounted for 6-13% of total added N-[RDX].N-labeled DIN was found both in the oxic surface water and hypoxic porewaters, showing that RDX mineralization accounted for 34% of the N-[RDX] added to the aquaria over 21 days. Labeled ammonium (NH, found in sediment and overlying water) and nitrate + nitrite (NO, found in overlying water only) together represented 10% of the total added N-[RDX]. The production ofN labeled N (N), accounted for the largest individual sink during the transformation of the total added N-[RDX] (25%). Hypoxic sediment was the most favorable zone for production of N, most of which diffused through porous sediments into the water column and escaped to the atmosphere.

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The role of nitrate reductase in the degradation of the explosive RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) by Penicillium sp. AK96151

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

In vitro biotransformation of PBDEs by root crude enzyme extracts: Potential role of nitrate reductase (NaR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in their debromination

In vitro biotransformation of PBDEs by root crude enzyme extracts: Potential role of nitrate reductase (NaR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in their debromination

Augmentation of stimulated Pelomonas aquatica dispersible granules enhances remediation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) contaminated soil

Tracing the cycling and fate of the munition, Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine in a simulated sandy coastal marine habitat with a stable isotopic tracer, 15N-[RDX]

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