The Role of Nitrogen in the Response of Forest Net Primary Production to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

McGuire, A. David; Melillo, Jerry M.; Joyce, Linda A.

doi:10.1146/annurev.es.26.110195.002353

Cited by 194 publications

(175 citation statements)

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“…Elevated [CO # ] is also known to change the composition and morphology of leaves. In general, leaves grown at elevated [CO # ] show a decrease in the mass of N per unit dry mass (Ko$ rner & Miglietta, 1994 ;McGuire et al, 1995 ;Drake et al, 1997) and an increase in the *Author for correspondence (tel j61 2 62494020 ; fax j61 2 62495095 ; e-mail Michael. Roderick!anu.edu.au). leaf dry mass per unit area (Luo et al, 1994).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between leaf composition and morphology at elevated CO₂ concentrations

1999

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The composition and morphology of leaves exposed to elevated [ . In the empirical model both the leaf dry mass and liquid mass per unit area are positively correlated with leaf thickness, whereas the mass of C per unit dry mass and the mass of N per unit liquid mass are constant. Consequently, both the N :C ratio and the surface area :volume ratio of leaves are positively correlated with the liquid content. Predictions from that model were consistent with measurements of leaf properties made at ambient [CO # ] from around the world. The changes induced by elevated [CO # ] follow the same overall trajectory. It is concluded that elevated [CO # ] enhances the rate at which dry matter is accumulated but the overall trajectory of leaf development is conserved.

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Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Roderick!anu.edu.au). leaf dry mass per unit area (Luo et al, 1994). The C :N ratio usually increases in elevated [CO # ] ( McGuire et al, 1995).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between leaf composition and morphology at elevated CO₂ concentrations

1999

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“…Although studies of young, isolated plants can identify physiological mechanisms of response, they cannot directly address the potential nutritional constraints that will temper long-term responses to elevated CO # (Johnson & Ball, 1996). A common response in many seedling studies is lower N concentration in plants grown in high CO # (McGuire, Melillo & Joyce, 1995), often interpreted as an increase in nutrient-use efficiency, possibly related to leaf-level biochemical adjustments (Ceulemans & Mousseau, 1994). Extending these results to the ecosystem level has proved difficult, especially in the case of forest ecosystems.…”

Section: Experimental Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen deposition: a component of global change analyses

Norby

1998

New Phytologist

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The global cycles of carbon and nitrogen are being perturbed by human activities that increase the transfer from large pools of non‐reactive forms of the elements to reactive forms that are essential to the functioning of the terrestrial biosphere. The cycles are closely linked at all scales, and global change analyses must consider C and N cycles together. The increasing amount of N originating from fossil fuel combustion and deposited to terrestrial ecosystems as nitrogen oxides could increase the capacity of ecosystems to sequester C, thereby removing some of the excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and slowing the development of greenhouse warming. Several global and ecosystem models have calculated the amount of C sequestration that can be attributed to N deposition, based on assumptions about the allocation of N among ecosystem components with different C∶N ratios. They support the premise that, since industrialization began, N deposition has been responsible for an increasing terrestrial C sink, but there is great uncertainty whether ecosystems will continue to retain exogenous N. Whether terrestrial ecosystems continue to sequester additional C will depend in part on their response to increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide, widely thought to be constrained by limited N availability. Ecosystem models generally support the conclusion that responses to increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide will be greater, and the range of possible responses will be wider, in ecosystems where increased N inputs originate as atmospheric deposition. The interactions between N deposition and increasing carbon dioxide concentrations could be altered considerably, however, by additional factors, including N saturation of ecosystems, changes in community composition, and climate change. Nitrogen deposition is also linked to global change issues through the volatile losses of nitrous oxide, which is a potent greenhouse gas, and the role of nitrogen oxides in the production of tropospheric ozone, which could interact with plant responses to elevated carbon dioxide. Any consideration of the role of N deposition in global change issues must also balance the projected responses against the serious detrimental impact of excess N on the environment.

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“…Global change will alter these environmental factors and substrates, and further change the N 2 O flux (Bouwman et al, 1993;Conrad, 1996;Goldberg and Gebauer, 2009;Kanerva et al, 2007;Kettunen et al, 2005;Williams et al, 1992;Ambus and Robertson, 1999). For example, nitrogen (N) input may stimulate N 2 O production by increasing substrate availability (Kettunen et al, 2005;Mcswiney and Robertson, 2005); elevated atmospheric CO 2 may reduce N availability in soil owing to progressive N accumulation in plant biomass McGuire et al, 1995), which inhibit the N 2 O emission (Phillips et al, 2001); alternatively, elevated atmospheric CO 2 might increase photosynthetic products and stimulate microbial process, and thus increase N 2 O emission (Kettunen et al, 2005;Ineson et al, 1998). If these two effects are counterbalanced, it may appear as neutral response of N 2 O flux to elevated atmospheric CO 2 (Kanerva et al, 2007;Ambus and Robertson, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifactor controls on terrestrial N<sub>2</sub>O flux over North America from 1979 through 2010

Tian

Chen

et al. 2012

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas which also contributes to the depletion of stratospheric ozone (O3). However, the magnitude and underlying mechanisms for the spatiotemporal variations in the terrestrial sources of N2O are still far from certain. Using a process-based ecosystem model (DLEM – the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model) driven by multiple global change factors, including climate variability, nitrogen (N) deposition, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), tropospheric O3 pollution, N fertilizer application, and land conversion, this study examined the spatial and temporal variations in terrestrial N2O flux over North America and further attributed these variations to various driving factors. From 1979 to 2010, the North America cumulatively emitted 53.9 ± 0.9 Tg N2O-N (1 Tg = 1012 g), of which global change factors contributed 2.4 ± 0.9 Tg N2O-N, and baseline emission contributed 51.5 ± 0.6 Tg N2O-N. Climate variability, N deposition, O3 pollution, N fertilizer application, and land conversion increased N2O emission while the elevated atmospheric CO2 posed opposite effect at continental level; the interactive effect among multiple factors enhanced N2O emission over the past 32 yr. N input, including N fertilizer application in cropland and N deposition, and multi-factor interaction dominated the increases in N2O emission at continental level. At country level, N fertilizer application and multi-factor interaction made large contribution to N2O emission increase in the United States of America (USA). The climate variability dominated the increase in N2O emission from Canada. N inputs and multiple factors interaction made large contribution to the increases in N2O emission from Mexico. Central and southeastern parts of the North America – including central Canada, central USA, southeastern USA, and all of Mexico – experienced increases in N2O emission from 1979 to 2010. The fact that climate variability and multi-factor interaction largely controlled the inter-annual variations in terrestrial N2O emission at both continental and country levels indicate that projected changes in the global climate system may substantially alter the regime of N2O emission from terrestrial ecosystems during the 21st century. Our study also showed that the interactive effect among global change factors may significantly affect N2O flux, and more field experiments involving multiple factors are urgently needed.

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The Role of Nitrogen in the Response of Forest Net Primary Production to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

Cited by 194 publications

References 116 publications

The relationship between leaf composition and morphology at elevated CO₂ concentrations

The relationship between leaf composition and morphology at elevated CO₂ concentrations

Nitrogen deposition: a component of global change analyses

Multifactor controls on terrestrial N<sub>2</sub>O flux over North America from 1979 through 2010

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The Role of Nitrogen in the Response of Forest Net Primary Production to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

Cited by 194 publications

References 116 publications

The relationship between leaf composition and morphology at elevated CO2 concentrations

The relationship between leaf composition and morphology at elevated CO2 concentrations

Nitrogen deposition: a component of global change analyses

Multifactor controls on terrestrial N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O flux over North America from 1979 through 2010

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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The relationship between leaf composition and morphology at elevated CO₂ concentrations

The relationship between leaf composition and morphology at elevated CO₂ concentrations

Multifactor controls on terrestrial N<sub>2</sub>O flux over North America from 1979 through 2010