The role of nitrogen in world food production and environmental sustainability

Eickhout, B.; Bouwman, A. F.; Zeijts, H. van

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.009

Cited by 189 publications

(109 citation statements)

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“…Soybeans have exceptional nutritional characteristics and the ability to grow under a wide range of environmental conditions and management systems, and have thus become one of the main crops in the world [15]. The expansion of the cropped area has led to the introduction of soybeans in marginal lands in different countries, including Argentina, which is currently one of the main producers and exporters of soybeans in the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Rhizophagus intraradices Reduces the Negative Effects of Arsenic on Soybean Plants

Spagnoletti

Lavado

2015

Agronomy

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Arsenic (As) in soils causes several detrimental effects, including death. Arsenic toxicity in soybean plants (Glycine max L.) has been little studied. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) increase the tolerance of host plants to abiotic stress, like As. We investigated the effects of AM fungi on soybean grown in As-contaminated soils. A pot experiment was carried out in a glasshouse, at random with five replications. We applied three levels of As (0, 25, and 50 mg As kg −1 ), inoculated and non-inoculated with the AM fungus Rhizophagus intraradices (N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm.) C. Walker & A. Schüßler. Plant parameters and mycorrhizal colonization were measured. Arsenic in the substrate, roots, and leaves was quantified. Arsenic negatively affected the AM percentage of spore germination and hyphal length. As also affected soybean plants negatively: an extreme treatment caused a reduction of more than 77.47% in aerial biomass, 68.19% in plant height, 78.35% in number of leaves, and 44.96% reduction in root length, and delayed the phenological evolution. Mycorrhizal inoculation improved all of these parameters, and decreased plant As accumulation (from 7.8 mg As kg ). AM inoculation showed potential to reduce As toxicity in contaminated areas. The AM fungi decreased As concentration in plants following different ways: dilution effect, less As intake by roots, and improving soybean tolerance to As.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Rhizophagus intraradices Reduces the Negative Effects of Arsenic on Soybean Plants

Spagnoletti

Lavado

2015

Agronomy

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“…In particular, the past decades have led to an increasing use of fertilisers and pesticides, most of them with high con-centrations of nitrogen and phosphorus (e.g. Rodvang and Simpkins 2001;Eickhout et al 2006;Candela et al 2008), that can contribute in the long term to groundwater pollu-tion (Razowska-Jaworek and Sadurski 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of groundwater contamination in an agricultural peri-urban area (NW Portugal): an integrated approach

et al. 2014

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The excessive use of pesticides and fertilisers in agriculture has generated a decrease in groundwater and surface water quality in many regions of the EU, consti-tuting a hazard for human health and the environment. Besides, on-site sewage disposal is an important source of groundwater contamination in urban and peri-urban areas. The assessment of groundwater vulnerability to contami-nation is an important tool to fulfil the demands of EU Directives. The purpose of this study is to assess the groundwater vulnerability to contamination related mainly to agricultural activities in a peri-urban area (Vila do Conde, NW Portugal). The hydrogeological framework is characterised mainly by fissured granitic basement and sedimentary cover. Water samples were collected and analysed for temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, chloride, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite. An evaluation of groundwater vulnerability to contamination was applied (GOD-S, Pesticide DRASTIC-Fm, SINTACS and SI) and the potential nitrate contamination risk was assessed, both on a hydrogeological GIS-based mapping. A principal component analysis was performed to characterised pat-terns of relationship among groundwater contamination, vulnerability, and the hydrogeological setting assessed. Levels of nitrate above legislation limits were detected in 75 % of the samples analysed. Alluvia units showed the highest nitrate concentrations and also the highest vulner-ability and risk. Nitrate contamination is a serious problem affecting groundwater, particularly shallow aquifers, especially due to agriculture activities, livestock and cesspools. GIS-based cartography provided an accurate way to improve knowledge on water circulation models and global functioning of local aquifer systems. Finally, this study highlights the adequacy of an integrated approach, combining hydrogeochemical data, vulnerability assessments and multivariate analysis, to understand groundwater processes in peri-urban areas.

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“…The increase of grain yield in wheat in recent decades was largely due to the supply and use of nitrogen fertilizer. It is estimated that between 85 and 90 million tons of nitrogen fertilizer is used around the world annually (Eickhout et al, 2006). However, the mere increase in the amount of N applied to crops may result in decreased N use efficiency (NUE), and may intensify losses and environmental contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of brazilian wheat cultivars in terms of nitrogen use efficiency

et al. 2014

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Nitrogen (N) management in wheat crop is one of the most studied agricultural practices in Brazil; however, there are few reports on its use efficiency. The objective of this study was to characterize 18 Brazilian wheat cultivars, which are representative and have been recently released to cultivation, for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The experiments were carried out in Pato Branco, Paraná, and Coxilha, Rio Grande do Sul, during the 2011 crop season. It was used a randomized block design with three replications, in factorial scheme (2 environments × 18 cultivars). Genetic variability was observed for nitrogen utilization efficiency by grains (NUtEg=47.6 to 81.1 kg kg -1 ) and nitrogen harvest index (NHI=71.3 to 84.6%) with significant effects relating to the environment of cultivation and performance of these traits. The evaluation of the protein concentration of grain by near infrared spectrometry (GPC N ) produced equivalent results to the direct analytical method of Kjeldahl (GPC K ), in Pato Branco (r=0.56) and Coxilha (RS) (r=0.80). However the CPG N overestimated the protein values by 16.85%. The GPC and protein yield were positively correlated with NUtEg and NHI. The best performance for the traits associated with NUE was observed for the following cultivars: Mirante, Quartzo, Fundacep Cristalino, Fundacep Raízes and CD 150. This is the first report of differences between Brazilian wheat cultivars for nitrogen use efficiency.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., grain yield, nitrogen harvest index, SDS sedimentation, grain protein concentration. Caracterização de cultivares de trigo em termos de eficiência do uso do nitrogênioResumo O manejo do nitrogênio (N) na cultura do trigo é uma das práticas agrícolas mais estudadas no Brasil, entretanto ainda são poucos os relatos sobre a sua eficiência de uso. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar 18 cultivares de trigo brasileiras representativas e recentemente disponibilizados para cultivo quanto à eficiência do uso do N (EUN). Os experimentos foram executados em Pato Branco, PR, e Coxilha, RS, na safra agrícola de 2011. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (2 ambientes × 18 cultivares), em três repetições. Foi possível identificar variabilidade genética para a eficiência do uso do nitrogênio pelos grãos (EUNg = 47,6 a 81,1 kg kg -1 N) e índice de colheita de nitrogênio (ICN = 71,3 a 84,6%), com efeito do local de cultivo sobre o desempenho desses parâmetros. A avaliação da concentração proteica dos grãos por espectrometria de infravermelho próximo (CPG N ) produziu resultados equivalentes ao método analítico direto de Kjeldahl (CPG K ), em Pato Branco, PR (r = 0,56), e Coxilha, RS (r = 0,80), porém o CPG N superestimou os resultados em 16,85%. A CPG K e o rendimento de proteína (RP) foram positivamente associados com a EUNg. As cultivares Mirante, Quartzo, Fundacep Cristalino, Fundacep Raízes e CD 150 apresentaram melhor desempenho para os caracteres associados à EUN. Esse é o primeiro relato que mostra di...

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The role of nitrogen in world food production and environmental sustainability

Cited by 189 publications

References 20 publications

The Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Rhizophagus intraradices Reduces the Negative Effects of Arsenic on Soybean Plants

The Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Rhizophagus intraradices Reduces the Negative Effects of Arsenic on Soybean Plants

Assessment of groundwater contamination in an agricultural peri-urban area (NW Portugal): an integrated approach

Characterization of brazilian wheat cultivars in terms of nitrogen use efficiency

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