The Role of NMDA receptors in rat propofol self-administration

Abstract

Aim Propofol is among the most frequently used anesthetic agents, and it has the potential for abuse. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are key mediators of both neural plasticity and development, as well as of addiction and neurodegeneration. Herein we explored the role of these receptors in rat propofol self-administration. Methods Rats were trained to self-administer propofol (1.7 mg/kg/infusion) using an FR fixed ratio schedule of the course of 14 sessions (3 h/day). After training, rats were intraperitoneally administered the non-competitive NDMA receptor antagonist MK-801, and then 10 minutes later were subjected to a propofol self-administration session. Results: After training, rats had acquired the ability to self-administer propofol successfully, as evidenced by a significant and stable rise in active nose-pokes leading to propofol administration relative to control nose-pokes (P<0.01) and became stable. Relative to control rats, rats that had been injected with 0.2 mg/kg MK-801 exhibited significantly more propofol infusions (F(3, 28)=4.372, P<0.01), whereas infusions were comparable in the groups administered 0.1 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg. In addition, MK-801 failed to alter numbers of active (F(3, 28)=1.353, P>0.05) or inactive (F(3, 28)=0.047, P>0.05) responses in study groups. Animals administered 0.4 mg/kg MK-801 exhibited significantly fewer infusions than animals administered 0.2 mg/kg (P=0.006, P<0.01). In contrast, however, animals in the 0.4 mg/kg MK-801 group exhibited a significant reduction in the number of active nose poke responses (F(3, 20)=20.8673, P<0.01) and the number of sucrose pellets (F(3, 20)=23.77, P<0.01), with increased locomotor activity (F(3, 20)=22.812, P<0.01). Conclusion These findings indicate that NMDA receptors may play a role in regulating rat self-administration of propofol.

Hippocampal blood–brain barrier of methamphetamine self‐administering HIV‐1 transgenic rats

“…Rats were trained to self‐administer meth in operant chambers equipped with two “nose‐poke” holes, a stimulus light above each hole, an audio tone generator and a house light. Nose‐poking is an ethologically relevant behavior and a commonly employed operant task with rodents (e.g., Brown et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2020; Fredriksson et al., 2019; Gordon‐Fennell et al., 2019; Hong, Kang, Chen, & Choi, 2019; Oliva & Wanat, 2019). Each operant chamber was enclosed in a ventilated, sound‐attenuating chamber.…”