The Role of Novel Antibiotics in the Management of Diabetic Foot Infection

Mougakou, Efterpi; Mastrogianni, Elpida; Kyziroglou, Maria; Τζιόμαλος, Κωνσταντίνος

doi:10.1007/s13300-022-01357-2

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 159 publications

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“…However, bacterial resistance makes antibiotic treatment ineffective and poses a threat to human health. 1 , 42 , 43 , 44 Thus, drug‐resistant bacteria are important factors leading to poor prognosis of DFU.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Dfumentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced multifunctional hydrogels for diabetic foot ulcer healing: Active substances and biological functions

Li,

Leng,

Liu

et al. 2024

Journal of Diabetes

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AimHydrogels with excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability can be used as the desirable dressings for the therapy of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). This review aimed to summarize the biological functions of hydrogels, combining with the pathogenesis of DFU.MethodsThe studies in the last 10 years were searched and summarized from the online database PubMed using a combination of keywords such as hydrogel and diabetes. The biological functions of hydrogels and their healing mechanism on DFU were elaborated.ResultsIn this review, hydrogels were classified by their active substances such as drugs, cytokines, photosensitizers, and biomimetic peptide. Based on this, the biological functions of hydrogels were summarized by associating the pathogenesis of DFU, including oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, cell phenotype change, vasculopathy, and infection. This review also pointed out some of the shortcomings of hydrogels in present researches.ConclusionsHydrogels were classified into carrier hydrogels and self‐functioning hydrogels in this review. Besides, the functions and components of existing hydrogels were clarified to provide assistance for future researches and clinical applications.image

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Section: Pathogenesis Of Dfumentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced multifunctional hydrogels for diabetic foot ulcer healing: Active substances and biological functions

Li,

Leng,

Liu

et al. 2024

Journal of Diabetes

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Triple threat: how diabetes results in worsened bacterial infections

Darwitz,

Genito,

Thurlow

2024

Infect Immun

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Diabetes mellitus, characterized by impaired insulin signaling, is associated with increased incidence and severity of infections. Various diabetes-related complications contribute to exacerbated bacterial infections, including hyperglycemia, innate immune cell dysfunction, and infection with antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. One defining symptom of diabetes is hyperglycemia, resulting in elevated blood and tissue glucose concentrations. Glucose is the preferred carbon source of several bacterial pathogens, and hyperglycemia escalates bacterial growth and virulence. Hyperglycemia promotes specific mechanisms of bacterial virulence known to contribute to infection chronicity, including tissue adherence and biofilm formation. Foot infections are a significant source of morbidity in individuals with diabetes and consist of biofilm-associated polymicrobial communities. Bacteria perform complex interspecies behaviors conducive to their growth and virulence within biofilms, including metabolic cross-feeding and altered phenotypes more tolerant to antibiotic therapeutics. Moreover, the metabolic dysfunction caused by diabetes compromises immune cell function, resulting in immune suppression. Impaired insulin signaling induces aberrations in phagocytic cells, which are crucial mediators for controlling and resolving bacterial infections. These aberrancies encompass altered cytokine profiles, the migratory and chemotactic mechanisms of neutrophils, and the metabolic reprogramming required for the oxidative burst and subsequent generation of bactericidal free radicals. Furthermore, the immune suppression caused by diabetes and the polymicrobial nature of the diabetic infection microenvironment may promote the emergence of novel strains of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. This review focuses on the “triple threat” linked to worsened bacterial infections in individuals with diabetes: (i) altered nutritional availability in diabetic tissues, (ii) diabetes-associated immune suppression, and (iii) antibiotic treatment failure.

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Microbial Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance among the Most Common Grades of Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan

Naeem,

Khan,

Siddiqui

et al. 2023

BioSci Rev.

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The current study was aimed to determine the pattern of antimicrobial resistivity of common microorganisms isolated from the most common grades of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) presenting at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 293 patients were included in the study conducted from January 2019 to December 2020. Deep-seated tissue samples of dimensions 0.5×0.5 cm were taken from the ulcer after surgical debridement, washed with saline, and immediately sent to the laboratory for culture and sensitivity (C&S). Data were analyzed by using SPSS 26. Grade 2 and Grade 3 DFUs (26.62% and 49.14%, respectively) were the most abundant of all DFUs, while Staphylococcus aureus was the most abundant bacteria. The polymicrobial growth pattern was found to be dominant in the current study. The incidence of MRSA was 68.4%(26/38) and 66.2%(49/74) in grades 2 and 3, respectively. The overall incidence of gram-negative microbes increased with an increase in the grade of ulcer. Hence, it can be concluded that early identification and grading of the disease can assist in the early initiation of empirical treatment and may reduce the unwanted morbidity of the disease. Furthermore, ultimate treatment should always be based on culture and sensitivity reported to minimize the disease's socioeconomic burden and morbidity.

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The Role of Novel Antibiotics in the Management of Diabetic Foot Infection

Cited by 4 publications

References 159 publications

Advanced multifunctional hydrogels for diabetic foot ulcer healing: Active substances and biological functions

Advanced multifunctional hydrogels for diabetic foot ulcer healing: Active substances and biological functions

Triple threat: how diabetes results in worsened bacterial infections

Microbial Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance among the Most Common Grades of Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan

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