The Role of Nutrition in Canine Performance and Rehabilitation

Wakshlag, Joseph J.

doi:10.1002/9781118783443.ch4

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…During aerobic metabolism, oxygen diffuses through the capillaries of the microcirculation into the cells where it serves as a catalyst to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), CO2 and water from pyruvate derived from fuel sources such as glucose, glycogen and fatty acids. (Opie 2004;Wakshlag, Zink, and Van Dyke 2013) The main source of glucose is found within the blood, while glycogen stores are mainly found within liver and muscles. Fatty acids are derived from the breakdown of triglycerides, which are stored in large amounts within muscle and throughout the body.…”

Section: Exercise Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyruvate then enters the mitochondria where it is covalently bound to acetate and CoA moieties to form acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which is the key substrate for entry into the citric acid cycle or Kreb's cycle. (McGowan and Hampson 2007;Wakshlag, Zink, and Van Dyke 2013) Fatty acids can also be used as a substrate for acetyl CoA production through the process of beta-oxidation within the mitochondria, which subsequently enters the citric acid cycle. The net production of the citric acid cycle is ATP and hydrogenated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and dehydrogenated flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2), which are coenzymes that enter the electron transport chain to produce ATP.…”

Section: Exercise Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The net production of the citric acid cycle is ATP and hydrogenated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and dehydrogenated flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2), which are coenzymes that enter the electron transport chain to produce ATP. (Wakshlag, Zink, and Van Dyke 2013;McGowan and Hampson 2007) The net amount of ATP produced from utilizing glucose as an energy source is 38 molecules, which the amount of ATP yielded from fatty acids is significantly higher due to the large number of carbon molecules in fatty acids. (McGowan and Hampson 2007;Wakshlag, Zink, and Van Dyke 2013) Under anaerobic conditions, glycolysis of glycogen or glucose still occurs to produce pyruvate, however the pyruvate stays within the cytoplasm where it is converted into lactate.…”

Section: Exercise Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Wakshlag, Zink, and Van Dyke 2013;McGowan and Hampson 2007) The net amount of ATP produced from utilizing glucose as an energy source is 38 molecules, which the amount of ATP yielded from fatty acids is significantly higher due to the large number of carbon molecules in fatty acids. (McGowan and Hampson 2007;Wakshlag, Zink, and Van Dyke 2013) Under anaerobic conditions, glycolysis of glycogen or glucose still occurs to produce pyruvate, however the pyruvate stays within the cytoplasm where it is converted into lactate. Production of ATP is greatly reduced with anaerobic glycolysis, as it is significantly less efficient than aerobic glycolysis.…”

Section: Exercise Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Perceived Exertion Scale for Dogs Exercising on a Land Treadmill using Selected Physiologic Parameters

Swanson

Harper

McMichael

et al. 2018

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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Physical rehabilitation therapy is rapidly becoming an integral component in the treatment of a variety of neurologic and orthopedic conditions in veterinary patients. However, to date there are no perceived exertion scales (PES) available for monitoring dogs or for developing exercise protocols. The purpose of this study was to develop a perceived exertion scale for dogs walking/running on a land treadmill using the following physiologic parameters: heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, blood lactate and glucose concentrations, and regional tissue oximetry. We hypothesized that the measured physiologic parameters would correlate with the perceived exertion of the dogs exercising on a land treadmill and that there would be no difference between intra-and inter-observer perceived exertion of dogs while walking/running on a land treadmill. An additional aim was to compare heart rate obtained from a Holter monitor to those obtained manually and using a mobile ECG monitor. Fifteen healthy client-owned dogs were enrolled in this prospective clinical trial. Each dog participated in two 55-minute exercise trials separated by a one-week recovery period. An initial complete blood count, biochemical panel, urinalysis, total T4, and venous blood gas (including lactate) were performed prior to beginning each trial. Subsequent venous blood gases were obtained after 20 minutes of exercise, immediately after completion of exercise, and after a 20-minute recovery period. Additional physiologic parameters recorded included heart rate, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and regional tissue oximetry. The perceived exertion was recorded during each trial at 2 minute intervals by a Certified Veterinary Technician, who is also a Certified Canine Rehabilitation Practitioner. Additional perceived exertion scores were recorded via video recording by two veterinarians, a rehabilitation therapy volunteer, and a iii veterinary student to determine inter-observer variation. The results of the first trial were also compared to the second trial to evaluate for repeatability. Thirteen of 15 dogs completed both trials. Spearman correlations for both trials were positive between Holter heart rate and KardiaMobile heart rate (r = 0.7, p <0.0001), manual heart rate (r = 0.64, p <0.0001),), respiratory rate (r = 0.27, p = 0.019), and temperature (r = 0.29, p = 0.014). Holter heart rate was positively correlated with PES scores from all observers for both trials (p <0.001 for all). The mean PES score recorded by each observer was 2 out of 4 for both trials. To test the assumption that physiological measurements changed with PES score, each dog's time 0 value was subtracted from subsequent values for that dog and least trimmed squares regression was then used to remove outliers. Outlier-free linear regression estimates were then obtained as follows. For Trial 1 glucose (g/dL) =-2.581-2.112 PES (R 2 = 0.179, F(1,45) = 9.787, P=0.003). That is, glucose decreased 2.112 g/dL for each incremental increase on the PES. For Trial 2 cutaneous ox...

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Section: Exercise Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exercise Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exercise Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exercise Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of a Perceived Exertion Scale for Dogs Exercising on a Land Treadmill using Selected Physiologic Parameters

Swanson

Harper

McMichael

et al. 2018

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Food intake was calculated as percentage of the resting energy requirement eaten by each dog during the first 24 hours post-surgery. 22 During and after the first 24 hours, postoperative complications were recorded (►Table 1). Postoperative urinary retention was defined as lack of spontaneous urination >24 hours from end of surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Success Rate and Perioperative Complications of Lumbosacral Extradural Anaesthesia in Dogs Undergoing Total Hip Replacement: A Double-Centre Retrospective Study

Viilmann¹,

Klöppel²,

Wringe³

et al. 2021

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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Objective The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the success rate and perioperative complications of lumbosacral extradural anaesthesia in dogs undergoing total hip replacement. Study Design Records of dogs undergoing total hip replacement in which lumbosacral extradural anaesthesia with 0.5% levo- or bupivacaine combined with either morphine or buprenorphine were retrieved. Success rate was defined as intraoperative fentanyl consumption <1 μg/kg/h with no intravenous infusion of other analgesic drugs and no additional morphine/methadone within the first 3 hours from premedication. Prevalence of intraoperative anaesthetic and postoperative surgical complications was calculated. Results Overall, 206 dogs were included in the study. Success rate was 88.7%. Hypercapnia (75.2%), hypotension (46.1%), hypothermia (27.7%) and regurgitation (6.3%) were recorded during anaesthesia. Within 24 hours post-surgery, urinary retention (17.8%), vomiting/regurgitation/diarrhea (8.2%) and sciatic neurapraxia of the operated limb (5.8%) were recorded. Luxation of the operated hip occurred at 48 and 72 hours after surgery in two dogs and one dog respectively. One dog had cardiopulmonary arrest at 52 hours after surgery. Conclusion While hypercapnia, hypotension and hypothermia might develop intraoperatively, the high success rate and the relatively low prevalence of postoperative surgical complications directly associated with lumbosacral extradural anaesthesia justify its use in dogs undergoing total hip replacement.

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Propofol‐dexmedetomidine continuous infusion in a dog with pulmonic stenosis undergoing balloon valvuloplasty

Viilmann¹,

Vettorato²

2022

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 6‐month‐old, 4 kg, male pomeranian, was referred for investigations of a heart murmur found during a routine clinical examination. A severe valvular pulmonic stenosis was diagnosed and medical management with atenolol was started. One month later, the dog underwent percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. Anaesthesia was maintained with propofol‐dexmedetomidine continuous infusion, and a minimally invasive cardiac output monitor was used to assess haemodynamic variations. Intraoperatively, lidocaine was started because the frequency of the premature ventricular complexes increased before ballooning. A reduction in pressure gradient across the pulmonic valve was achieved. No other intraoperative complications were recorded. Recovery from general anaesthesia was uneventful, and the dog was discharged from the hospital 26 hours following the procedure.

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The Role of Nutrition in Canine Performance and Rehabilitation

Cited by 4 publications

References 77 publications

Development of a Perceived Exertion Scale for Dogs Exercising on a Land Treadmill using Selected Physiologic Parameters

Development of a Perceived Exertion Scale for Dogs Exercising on a Land Treadmill using Selected Physiologic Parameters

Success Rate and Perioperative Complications of Lumbosacral Extradural Anaesthesia in Dogs Undergoing Total Hip Replacement: A Double-Centre Retrospective Study

Propofol‐dexmedetomidine continuous infusion in a dog with pulmonic stenosis undergoing balloon valvuloplasty

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