The Role of Nutrition in Brain Development: The Golden Opportunity of the “First 1000 Days”

Cusick, Sarah E.; Georgieff, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.05.013

Cited by 501 publications

(455 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…human milk that are responsive to maternal dietary intake and status: vitamins B 6 and B 12 , choline, iodine, and selenium, 10 all of which are directly involved in brain development and function, namely, neurogenesis, differentiation, migration, myelination, and neurotransmitter-related processes. 5 Maternal vitamin B 12 depletion, whether due to dietary inadequacy or to impaired absorption, has been associated with the development of vitamin B 12 deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants. Neurologic symptoms of deficiency appeared midway through the first year of life and included cerebral atrophy, loss of developmental milestones, and behavioral and developmental delays.…”

Section: Human Milk and Breastfeeding (0-6 Months)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Low iodine concentrations in human milk have also been observed in regions with a high prevalence of goiter, and the prevalence of cretinism has been reported in 5% to 15% of breastfed infants in such regions. 12 For folate, iron, and zinc, 3 micronutrients that are critical to brain development and function, 5 breast milk concentrations are relatively unaffected by maternal intake or status. In the case of iron concentrations, human milk is uniformly low, and the young infant depends primarily on nondietary factors, such as the use of stores accrued prenatally, delayed cord clamping, and gradual use of iron from the erythron over the early postnatal months.…”

Section: Human Milk and Breastfeeding (0-6 Months)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such effects would be expected with other common nutrient deficits in infancy and early childhood, particularly involving those nutrients that affect brain chemistry, anatomy, and metabolism. 5 Initial studies linking fetal and neonatal iron deficiency involved neonates with other risk factors for compromised development, such as prematurity, maternal diabetes, or intrauterine growth restriction. 24 The handful of studies involving term infants of uncomplicated pregnancies suggest short-and long-term effects.…”

Section: Iron As An Example Of Nutrient Defi Cits and Impaired Neurodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the young brain is highly plastic and demonstrates potential for recovery from early life insults, the bulk of research evidence suggests that its vulnerability outweighs its plasticity. 5 Thus, support of normal development (eg, through proper nutrition) is far more efficient than trying to restore a neurodevelopmental trajectory after a period of deprivation.…”

Section: Key Neurodevelopmental Considerations During Infancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Maternal vitamin B 12 depletion, whether due to dietary inadequacy or to impaired absorption, has been associated with the development of vitamin B 12 deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants. Neurologic symptoms of deficiency appeared midway through the first year of life and included cerebral atrophy, loss of developmental milestones, and behavioral and developmental delays.…”

Section: The Impact Of Nutrition On Neurodevelopment During Infancy Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurodevelopment: The Impact of Nutrition and Inflammation During Infancy in Low-Resource Settings

2017

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Infancy and early childhood (ie, birth through age 24 months) represent a period of life with both exquisite opportunity and vulnerability for neurodevelopment. This is due to rapid brain development, both anatomic and functional, as well as to high nutrient requirements during a time of dependence on human milk and complementary foods. Complex interactions exist among nutrition, social, and physical environments and exposures. The newborn brain also reflects maternal exposures that occurred as the product of many interacting forces during gestation. Connections between nutrient use and acute and chronic inflammation are increasingly recognized, but the evidence base linking both nutrition and inflammation to neurodevelopment is relatively modest and quite limited for this young age group specifically. This article provides an overview of key interactions of nutritional requirements relevant to brain development and function; nutritional vulnerabilities related to maternal nutritional status and function; and the impact of environmental exposures and inflammation on nutrient homeostasis and neurodevelopment during this critical developmental window.

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Section: Human Milk and Breastfeeding (0-6 Months)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Milk and Breastfeeding (0-6 Months)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Iron As An Example Of Nutrient Defi Cits and Impaired Neurodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Key Neurodevelopmental Considerations During Infancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Impact Of Nutrition On Neurodevelopment During Infancy Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurodevelopment: The Impact of Nutrition and Inflammation During Infancy in Low-Resource Settings

2017

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Patterns of Fetal and Infant Growth and Brain Morphology at Age 10 Years

et al. 2021

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Key Points Question Are fetal and infant weight growth associated with cerebral and cerebellar gray and white matter volumes at age 10 years? Findings In this population-based cohort study of 3098 children, increased weight gain during the fetal period and the first 2 years of life was associated with larger brain volumes at age 10 years. Compared with children with normal fetal and infant growth, those who experienced fetal weight deceleration followed by infant catch-up growth had similar brain volumes later in childhood. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that early-life growth patterns may be associated with cerebral and cerebellar brain volumes in children at school age.

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The cognitive performance of indigenous schoolchildren in relation to their feeding during infancy

Cando

Diaz-Silva

Guerendiain

2019

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives Nutrition during the first 3 years of life is critical to neurodevelopment. Native populations experience poverty, inequality, and food insecurity. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between feeding during infancy and cognitive performance in schoolchildren of rural indigenous communities in Riobamba, Ecuador. Methods Thirty‐seven schoolchildren (5–6 years) were recruited. We determined duration of exclusive breastfeeding, weaning age, age of cow's milk incorporation, daily intake of cow's milk, age of solid and liquid incorporation, and sociocultural and anthropometric parameters. Verbal, manipulative, and total intelligence quotients were evaluated with Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Results Means of verbal, manipulative, and total intelligence quotient scores were 86.46 ± 11.55, 96.39 ± 9.96, and 89.25 ± 10.43, respectively. Children were exclusively breastfed until 6.83 ± 3.97 months and weaned at 17.17 ± 5.58 months. Age of cow's milk incorporation was 12.58 ± 6.06 months, with a daily intake of 737.50 ± 417.50 mL. Solids were incorporated at 10.11 ± 4.43 months and liquids at 7.72 ± 3.30 months. Positive associations between duration of exclusive breastfeeding and manipulative (unadjusted: ρ = .545, P = .006; r = .491, P = .028; adjusted for children's body mass index, and ethnicity and educational level of mothers: r = .522, P = .041) and total (unadjusted: ρ = .483, P = .017; adjusted: r = .572, P = .036) intelligence quotients were found. Frequency of children with manipulative (χ2[2] = 7.093, P = .029) and total (χ2[2] = 7.198, P = .027) intelligence quotient ≥90 was higher in those exclusively breastfed >6 months. Furthermore, schoolchildren in the >6 months group had better manipulative (101.75 ± 9.08 vs 89.71 ± 8.56, P = .038) and total (94.50 ± 11.89 vs 84.86 ± 5.05, P = .036) intelligence quotient than those in the <6 months group, independent of anthropometric and sociocultural factors. Conclusions Longer exclusive breastfeeding was related to better total intelligence quotient in rural indigenous schoolchildren.

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The Role of Nutrition in Brain Development: The Golden Opportunity of the “First 1000 Days”

Cited by 501 publications

References 58 publications

Neurodevelopment: The Impact of Nutrition and Inflammation During Infancy in Low-Resource Settings

Neurodevelopment: The Impact of Nutrition and Inflammation During Infancy in Low-Resource Settings

Patterns of Fetal and Infant Growth and Brain Morphology at Age 10 Years

The cognitive performance of indigenous schoolchildren in relation to their feeding during infancy

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