The role of obesity in the risk of gestational diabetes among immigrant and U.S.-born women in New York City

Janević, Teresa; Zeitlin, Jennifer; Egorova, Natalia; Balbierz, Amy; Howell, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.02.006

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…There are several studies confirming a strong association between obesity and the development of GDM (31)(32)(33). A study in the USA (34) found the overall population-attributable fraction was 46.2%, meaning nearly half of GDM events could have been avoided if these mothers had a normal prepregnancy BMI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study in Qingdao, China

Tao

et al. 2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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Background: Obesity and maternal age are the two most important factors independently affecting the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the age differences in the association between obesity and GDM remain unclear. The objectives of this cohort study included: (1) to determine the current incidence of GDM in Qingdao; and (2) to evaluate the risk factors for GDM, such as the interaction between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and age. Methods: The cohort included 17,145 pregnant women who registered at 15 to 20 gestational weeks from August 1, 2018, to March 1, 2019. A 75-g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted for each participant at 24-28 gestational weeks. The age-adjusted incidence of GDM was calculated using logistic regression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors. Interaction between age (reference group <30 years) and BMI (reference group <25 kg/m 2) was determined using strata-specific analysis. Results: The incidence and age-adjusted incidence of GDM in Qingdao were 17.42 and 17.45%, respectively. The incidence of GDM appeared to increase steadily with age in all pre-pregnancy BMI groups (all P < 0.05). Older age (≥30 years), gestational BMI gain from pre-pregnancy to 15-20 weeks of gestation, history of GDM and thyroid diseases were risk factors for GDM. There were significant interactions between pre-pregnancy BMI and age (P < 0.05) after adjustment for other confounders. The odds ratio (OR) of pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 at the age of <30 years, 30-34 years and ≥35 years was 1.30 (95% CI: 0.74-2.28, P = 0.36), 3.21 (95% CI: 2.28-4.52, P < 0.0001) and 1.55 (95% CI: 1.02-2.36, P = 0.0424), respectively. This indicated that pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 had a stronger effect on GDM in the group aged 30-34 years than those under 30 years old. Conclusions: The incidence of GDM was high in Qingdao. Overweight and obesity prior to pregnancy, gestational BMI gain from conception to 15-20 weeks of gestation and older age were correlated with an increased risk of GDM. Public health measures may be helpful to prevent excessive gestational weight gain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study in Qingdao, China

Tao

et al. 2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Although the study by Diemert and colleagues was too small (n = 200) to provide any details regarding the incidence of PE in their study cohort, it is noteworthy that obesity has emerged as an important risk factor for the development of loPE, but not eoPE [80]. Furthermore, obesity contributes to the development of GDM, itself a pronounced risk factor for PE [71]. As PMN activity is altered in GDM and may play a role in the subsequent development of PE [76], it may be worthwhile examining the relationship between BMI and E2/P4 levels in this context.…”

Section: Could a Hormone Imbalance Contribute To The Development Of Pmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…GDM is a unique form of glucose intolerance, being of a transient nature and only occurring during pregnancy in women with no prior history of diabetes [68][69][70]. Like T2DM, GDM occurs with greater frequency in obese individuals [71]. Like T2DM, GDM occurs with greater frequency in obese individuals [71].…”

Section: Infiltrating Pmn Alter Placental Function In Gdm Via the Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GDM shares a number of features in common with T2DM, such as a systemic inflammation associated with the metabolic syndrome. Like T2DM, GDM occurs with greater frequency in obese individuals [71]. Accordingly, GDM may be viewed as a momentary unmasking of a T2DM-like condition facilitated by pregnancy.…”

Section: Infiltrating Pmn Alter Placental Function In Gdm Via the Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of neutrophil activation in determining the outcome of pregnancy and modulation by hormones and/or cytokines

Hahn

Harmatz

Vokálová

et al. 2019

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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Neutrophils are often exclusively considered as a first-line innate immune defence, able to rapidly kill or trap pathogens and causing in case of over-activation tissue damage. In the female reproductive tract, however, the presence and activity of neutrophils seems to be tightly regulated. Major players in orchestrating this regulation are cyclical steroid sex hormones present during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. This review describes the role of sex hormones in regulating directly or indirectly the functionality of neutrophils, the role of neutrophils during fertilization and pregnancy and in controlling viral, fungal and bacterial infection. This review also discusses the consequence of overt neutrophil activation in pregnancy pathologies.Our intention in this review is to highlight new observations made during discrete stages of the reproductive cycle, focusing particularly on the role of sex hormones and cytokines in modulating neutrophil activity and their potential dysregulation in pathology.

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“…Their results indicated that the incidence of GDM was lowest in Caucasian women (4.1%) and highest in Asian Indians (11.1%) ( 43 ). Obesity was determined not to correlate significantly with the incidence of GDM in Asian Indian migrant populations ( 45 , 46 ).…”

Section: Gdm and Pe—the Contribution Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Excessive Neutrophil Activity in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Could It Contribute to the Development of Preeclampsia?

Vokálová

Breda

et al. 2018

Front. Endocrinol.

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Gestational diabetes mellitus is a transient form of glucose intolerance occurring during pregnancy. Pregnancies affected by gestational diabetes mellitus are at risk for the development of preeclampsia, a severe life threatening condition, associated with significant feto-maternal morbidity and mortality. It is a risk factor for long-term health in women and their offspring. Pregnancy has been shown to be associated with a subliminal degree of neutrophil activation and tightly regulated generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This response is excessive in cases with preeclampsia, leading to the presence of large numbers of NETs in affected placentae. We have recently observed that circulatory neutrophils in cases with gestational diabetes mellitus similarly exhibit an excessive pro-NETotic phenotype, and pronounced placental presence, as detected by expression of neutrophil elastase. Furthermore, exogenous neutrophil elastase liberated by degranulating neutrophils was demonstrated to alter trophoblast physiology and glucose metabolism by interfering with key signal transduction components. In this review we examine whether additional evidence exists suggesting that altered neutrophil activity in gestational diabetes mellitus may contribute to the development of preeclampsia.

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The role of obesity in the risk of gestational diabetes among immigrant and U.S.-born women in New York City

Abstract: The lower proportion of GDM attributable to overweight/obesity among immigrant women may point to early life and migration influences on risk of GDM.

Cited by 31 publications

References 48 publications

Incidence and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study in Qingdao, China

Incidence and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study in Qingdao, China

The role of neutrophil activation in determining the outcome of pregnancy and modulation by hormones and/or cytokines

Excessive Neutrophil Activity in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Could It Contribute to the Development of Preeclampsia?

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