The role of olfactory bulb norepinephrine in early olfactory learning

Sullivan, Regina M.; Zyzak, D R; Skierkowski, Paul; Wilson, Donald A.

doi:10.1016/0165-3806(92)90207-d

Cited by 120 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Sullivan, Wilson and colleagues have mapped many of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying olfactory learning in the infant rat [102][103][104]112]. Important roles have been found for alterations in the olfactory bulb, norepinephrine secretion from the locus coeruleus into the bulb, and modulating We hypothesize that biparental rearing causes an alteration in the pups' USV response to the male, which is mediated by neural mechanisms similar to that described for the induction of an odor preference [71,[99][100][101].…”

Section: Hypothesized Mechanism For Acquisition Of Paternal Potentiationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Hypothesized Mechanism For Acquisition Of Paternal Potentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acquisition and expression of a socially mediated separation response

Shair¹

2007

Behavioural Brain Research

108

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INTRODUCTIONSocial bonds are made up of numerous subsystems mediating the overall social relationships that develop between infants and caretakers. The effects of an infant's formation of early life relationships and its social interactions with caretakers are known to last well in to adulthood with both beneficial and harmful effects [28,35,70]. In our laboratory, we study the development of social relationships between infant rats and their dams, sires, and littermates using an isolation, reunion, and re-isolation test paradigm.Infant rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in a variety of situations, including as a response to isolation, physical manipulation, and thermal and olfactory challenge [1][2][3]6,19,25,46,79,80,82,97]. Many researchers have used the presence and absence of these sounds to make inferences about the internal state of the rodents, e.g., isolation-induced USV's have often been called "distress vocalizations" [29,76,78].The isolation-induced vocalization of a rat pup is modulated both by current social interactions and by the pup's rearing experience. This modulation of USV by social interactions provides a paradigm for investigating the neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying acquisition and expression of infant attachment. What is maternal potentiation of isolation-induced vocalizations of infant rats?Maternal potentiation of ultrasonic vocalization occurs when, after a brief contact with the dam, isolated infant rats produce USV at a rate significantly higher than they would during an isolation not preceded by dam contact. Although the definition may seem of narrow interest, there is a growing belief that the potentiation phenomenon has broad applicability for the study of early life social relationships in many species. But before going further, the reader needs to understand the usual test paradigm in our laboratory.Developmental Psychobiology, Unit 40, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr. NY, NY 100032, Tele 212-543-5695, Fax 212-543-5467, hns1@columbia.edu Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptTest procedure-On the day of testing, the dam is removed from the home cage and anesthetized. The litter is allowed to adapt to her removal for ~15-20min in the home cage on a thermoregulated heating pad. Then, each pup is tested in turn. The pup is picked up and placed alone in a clean polycarbonate rectangular box (18 × 21 × 20 cm) at room temperature. The test consists of three periods, which can range from 1-5min in length (3mi...

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Section: Hypothesized Mechanism For Acquisition Of Paternal Potentiationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Hypothesized Mechanism For Acquisition Of Paternal Potentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition and expression of a socially mediated separation response

Shair¹

2007

Behavioural Brain Research

108

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“…Pups were odorshock conditioned as described above. During the first 20 min training period, pups received drug or control solution infused at 0.1 l/min, for a total infusion volume of 2.0 l as described previously (Sullivan et al, 1992(Sullivan et al, , 2000bMoriceau and Sullivan, 2004a). After training, pups were disconnected from the syringe pump and returned to the nest until testing the following day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Circuitry for Odor-Shock Conditioning during Infancy: Corticosterone Switches between Fear and Attraction via Amygdala

Moriceau

Wilson

Levine

et al. 2006

Journal of Neuroscience

208

231

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Rat pups must learn maternal odor to support attachment behaviors, including nursing and orientation toward the mother. Neonates have a sensitive period for rapid, robust odor learning characterized by increased ability to learn odor preferences and decreased ability to learn odor aversions. Specifically, odor-0.5 mA shock association paradoxically causes an odor preference and coincident failure of amygdala activation in pups until postnatal day 10 (P10). Because sensitive-period termination coincides with a declining "stress hyporesponsive period" when corticosterone release is attenuated, we explored the role of corticosterone in sensitive-period termination. Odor was paired with 0.5 mA shock in either sensitive-period (P8) or postsensitive-period (P12) pups while manipulating corticosterone. We then assessed preference/aversion learning and the olfactory neural circuitry underlying its acquisition. Although sensitive-period control paired odor-shock pups learned an odor preference without amygdala participation, systemic (3 mg/kg, i.p.; 24 h and 30 min before training) or intra-amygdala corticosterone (50 or 100 ng; during training) permitted precocious odor-aversion learning and evoked amygdala neural activity similar to that expressed by older pups. In postsensitive-period (P12) pups, control paired odor-shock pups showed an odor aversion and amygdala activation, whereas corticosterone-depleted (adrenalectomized) paired odor-shock pups showed odor-preference learning and activation of an odor learning circuit characteristic of the sensitive period. Intra-amygdala corticosterone receptor antagonist (0.3 ng; during training) infused into postsensitive-period (P12) paired odor-shock pups also showed odor-preference learning. These results suggest corticosterone is important in sensitive-period termination and developmental emergence of olfactory fear conditioning, acting via the amygdala as a switch between fear and attraction. Because maternal stimulation of pups modulates the pups' endogenous corticosterone, this suggests maternal care quality may alter sensitive-period duration.

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“…This hypothesis is sustained by studies showing that adultgenerated GCs in the OB are required for olfactory fear conditioning, perceptual learning and longterm memory of associative olfactory learning (Lazarini and Lledo, 2010), cognitive functions regulated by NA release. Indeed, increased NA concentration has been found in the OB of animals exposed to different olfactory cues, preferentially novel or salient odours (Brennan et al, 1990;Rosser and Keverne, 1985;Veyrac et al, 2009) and NA release in the OB appears to be important for the acquisition and/or formation of conditioned odour preferences or specific odour memories and for spontaneous and rewarded-motivated discrimination (Harley et al, 2006;Mandairon et al, 2008;Sullivan et al, 1992;Veyrac et al, 2009). While noradrenergic innervation targets mainly the Ipl and Gcl, serotonergic fibres originating in the dorsal and medial raphe nuclei, project primarily to the Gl, although lower density innervation exists in all OB layers (McLean and Shipley, 1987).…”

Section: Monoamines: Noradrenaline Serotoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

From progenitors to integrated neurons: Role of neurotransmitters in adult olfactory neurogenesis

Bovetti

Gribaudo

Puché

et al. 2011

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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Adult neurogenesis is due to the persistence of pools of constitutive stem cells able to give rise to a progeny of proliferating progenitors. In rodents, adult neurogenic niches have been found in the subventricular zone (SVZ) along the lateral ventricles and in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. SVZ progenitors undergo a unique process of tangential migration from the lateral ventricle to the olfactory bulb (OB) where they differentiate mainly into GABAergic interneurons in the granule and glomerular layers. SVZ progenitor proliferation, migration and differentiation into fully integrated neurons, are strictly related processes regulated by complex interactions between cell intrinsic and extrinsic influences. Numerous observations demonstrate that neurotrasmitters are involved in all steps of the adult neurogenic process, but the understanding of their role is hampered by their intricate mechanism of action and by the highly complex network in which neurotransmitters work. By considering the three main steps of olfactory adult neurogenesis (proliferation, migration and integration), this review will discuss recent advances in the study of neurotransmitters, highlighting the regulatory mechanisms upstream and downstream their action.

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The role of olfactory bulb norepinephrine in early olfactory learning

Cited by 120 publications

References 18 publications

Acquisition and expression of a socially mediated separation response

Acquisition and expression of a socially mediated separation response

Dual Circuitry for Odor-Shock Conditioning during Infancy: Corticosterone Switches between Fear and Attraction via Amygdala

From progenitors to integrated neurons: Role of neurotransmitters in adult olfactory neurogenesis

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