The role of oligomenorrhea in melasma

Mahjour, Marjan; Khoushabi, Arash; Feyzabadi, Zohre

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.05.006

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Adalatkhah reported significant decrease in mean serum levels of Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) without difference in the levels of prolactine, testosterone, 17 hydroxyprogesterone, FSH, and LH in 101 subjects with melasma. Moreover, a significantly increased presence of ovarian cysts in melasma patients was observed respect than controls, confirming the possible role of ovarian cysts, and androgenic hormone in melasma …”

Section: Hormonal Levels In Women With Melasmasupporting

confidence: 59%

Melasma: How hormones can modulate skin pigmentation

Filoni

Mariano

Cameli

2019

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Melasma is a relatively common acquired disease, characterized by a pattern of emarginated, symmetric, light-to-dark brown facial hyperpigmentation. Some areas of the skin are more exposed to the sun, such as the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, nose, and chin and sometimes, neck as well.According to their distribution, melasma is classified into three types: centrofacial, malar, and mandibular patterns. 1 Histologically, melasma is characterized by excessive melanin deposition in the epidermis (epidermal type, 70%), dermal macrophages (dermal type, 10%), or both (mixed type, 20%). Melasma considerably affects patients' quality of life-with considerable emphasis on its therapeutic difficulty. Melasma is usually clinically diagnosed; however, Wood's lamp examination, confocal microscopy, and histology are helpful tools for distinguishing epidermal from dermal melasma. 2 Women of Hispanic and Asian origin are more commonly affected by melasma. 3 Melasma affects most patients in the 3rd or the 4th decade of life; the onset of the disease is found to be earlier in light skin types, whereas dark skin types are usually associated with a late onset of melasma. 4 Although the prevalence of melasma among various ethnic groups and skin phototypes is different, the preferential development of melasma during women's reproductive age and the association of this disease with oral contraceptives suggest that female sex hormones accelerate the development and aggravation of melasma-even if the impact of female hormones has been recently minimized. 4 During pregnancy, in particular in the third trimester, the levels of placental, ovarian, and pituitary hormones, which are a stimulus for melanogenesis, are increased. According to different observations, 5 melasma in pregnancy is more likely to be associated with circulating female hormones than melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) peptides. Through the induction of synthesis of melanogenic enzymes such as tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2, estrogens stimulate melanogenesis in cultured human melanocytes.The increase in progesterone levels that occurs during pregnancy and the increase in estrogen production that occurs from the eighth to the thirtieth week of pregnancy reflects, indeed, the typical pattern of progression of hyperpigmentation. Epidemiological data showed that melasma occurs in 14.5%-56% of pregnant women and in 11.3%-46% of individuals who take oral contraceptives in different countries. 6 A study performed on 324 women with melasma in nine different countries worldwide revealed that melasma occurs in only 20% of cases in pregnancy and almost 10% start after menopause.In addition, the study demonstrated that cessation of contraceptive pills weakly affects the development of the disease. 7 Melasma has been considered as a consequence of contraceptives with synthetic progestin levonorgestrel, 8 even if the role of progesterone in skin pigmentation has to be established. It has been found out that progesterone is involved in the pathogenesis of melasma by s...

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Section: Hormonal Levels In Women With Melasmasupporting

confidence: 59%

Melasma: How hormones can modulate skin pigmentation

Filoni

Mariano

Cameli

2019

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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“…In addition to ultraviolet exposure, pregnancy, endocrine disorders, race, family susceptibility and exogenous hormone stimulation, thyroid diseases, antidepressants, and trace element deficiency have also been reported. [5][6][7][8][9] It is generally believed that melasma is caused by complex interactions among epidermal melanocytes, dermal fibroblasts, keratinocytes and vascular endothelial cells, as well as by hormonal and genetic factors and UV exposure. 10 The etiology of melasma is complex and prone to relapse, and the treatment is relatively difficult, affecting the quality of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of supramolecular nicotinamide combined with supramolecular salicylic acid on chloasma

Cheng,

Zhang,

You

2023

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and safety of supramolecular salicylic acid monotherapy and supramolecular nicotinamide in the treatment of chloasma.MethodsA total of 28 female patients with chloasma diagnosed in the dermatology outpatient department of our hospital were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 14 cases in each group. All patients were treated with 30% supramolecular salicylic acid every 2 weeks, for a total of 8 treatments. The experimental group was treated with 10% supramolecular nicotinamide once in the morning and once in the evening, and the control group was a blank control. Before each exfoliation treatment, subjects were photographed with a VISIA skin detector, and skin image analysis and modified melasma area and severity index (MASI) score were performed.ResultsAccording to the MMASI decrease rate (%) before and after treatment, the effective rate of the experimental group was 64.29%, and the effective rate of the control group was 14.29%. The results of the GriffithS10 and VISIA were improved. During the whole treatment, there was one mild adverse reaction in both groups.ConclusionSalicylic acid stripping combined with nicotinamide in the treatment of chloasma is safe and effective, can improve skin conditions, and can be widely applied in clinical practice.

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“…Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal disorder characterized by high levels of estrogen causing oligomenorrhea. High levels of estrogen have also been shown to increase alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone which is correlated to melasma development, implying that women with oligomenorrhea may be at higher risk of developing melasma [ 17 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on a known correlation of melasma and oligomenorrheic states including pregnancy, it was discovered that menstruation-induced systemic therapies are effective in treating the disease, and maybe more effective than topical treatments in the long run [ 17 ]. A case report consisting of four women showed that their melasma spontaneously improved upon switching from estrogen and progesterone combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) to a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (IUD) [ 48 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%