The role of omega-3 fatty acids in skeletal muscle anabolism, strength, and function in healthy and diseased states

Nwachukwu, Ifeanyi D.; Kouritzin, Trevor; Aluko, Rotimi E.; Myrie, Semone B.

doi:10.1111/jfbc.12435

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(189 reference statements)

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“…For instance, only around 5% of ALA are converted to EPA in omnivorous vertebrates, including humans (Davis and Kris-Etherton, 2003). Dietary provision with EPA and DHA can directly enhance consumers' growth, health and fitness (e.g., humans- Hulbert et al, 2014;Nwachukwu et al, 2017;insectivorous birds-Twining et al, 2016;soil microarthropods-Menzel et al, 2018). Therefore, LC-ω3PUFA are classified as semi-essential (Müller-Navarra, 1995a), and LC-ω3PUFA supplementation, e.g., produced via metabolic engineering (Gong et al, 2014), is recommended for humans.…”

Section: Biochemistry and Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Biomolecules in Food Webs

Rueß

Müller-Navarra

2019

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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We here review the ecological role of essential nutritional biomolecules [fatty acids (FA), amino acids (AA), sterols, vitamins] in aquatic and terrestrial food webs, encompassing the forces behind their environmental distribution. Across ecosystems, mutualistic relationships frequently ensure exchanges of vitamins between producer and demander, especially between B 12 and other B vitamins as well as the AA methionine. In contrast, FA, sterols and most AA are transferred up the food chain via classical predatorprey interactions, and therefore have good biomarker potential for trophic interactions. As biomass-flow depends on the absolute amounts of potential limiting resources, considering solely the relative share in the respective biochemical group may underor overestimate the availability to consumers. Moreover, if not accounted for, "hidden" trophic channels, such as gut symbionts as well as metabolic conversion of precursor molecules, can hamper food web analyses. Fundamental differences exist between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems: Vitamin B 12 produced by ammonium oxidizing Archaea is essential to many aquatic algae, whereas terrestrial plants escaped this dependency by using B 12 independent enzymes. Long-chain ω3 polyunsaturated FA (LC-ω3PUFA) in aquatic systems mainly originate from planktonic algae, while in terrestrial systems, belowground invertebrates can well be a source, also supporting aboveground biota. Interlinks from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems are of a biochemically totally different nature than vice versa. While biomass rich in proteins and LC-ω3PUFA is transferred to land, e.g., by trophic relationships, the link from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems provides recalcitrant plant carbon, mainly devoid of essential nutrients, fuelling detrital food chains. Recent global changes influence food webs via altered input and transfer of essential biomolecules, but separating the effects of nutrients, CO 2 , and warming is not trivial. Current evolutionary concepts (e.g., Black Queen, relaxed selection) considering the costs of metabolic production partly explain food web dynamics, especially for vitamins, whereas adaptations to potential oxidative stress seem to be more important for LC-PUFA. Overall, the provision with essential biomolecules is precious for both heterotrophs and auxotrophs. These nutritional valuable molecules often are kept unaltered in consumer metabolism, including their stable isotope composition, offering a great advantage for their use as trophic markers.

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Section: Biochemistry and Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Biomolecules in Food Webs

Rueß

Müller-Navarra

2019

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…Four electronic databases were used for this review, namely Medline (Pubmed), Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Sport Discus. This primary database search strategy was complemented by citation screening of all studies included in the review along with relevant reviews and book chapters [ 28 , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] ]. Free-text terms used for the search were n-3PUFA OR Omega 3 OR EPA OR DHA OR fish oil∗) AND (supplementation) AND (muscle strength OR muscle mass OR protein synthesis OR performance OR hypertrophy OR lean body mass OR lean mass).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of n-3PUFA Supplementation on Muscle Strength, Mass, and Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

André¹,

Esteves²,

Barreto³

et al. 2023

Advances in Nutrition

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Nutrition as the foundation for successful aging: a focus on dietary protein and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Hawley

Baum

2023

Nutrition Reviews

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Skeletal muscle plays a critical role throughout the aging process. People living with sarcopenia, a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, often experience diminished quality of life, which can be attributed to a long period of decline and disability. Therefore, it is important to identify modifiable factors that preserve skeletal muscle and promote successful aging (SA). In this review, SA was defined as (1) low cardiometabolic risk, (2) preservation of physical function, and (3) positive state of wellbeing, with nutrition as an integral component. Several studies identify nutrition, specifically high-quality protein (eg, containing all essential amino acids), and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as positive regulators of SA. Recently, an additive anabolic effect of protein and n-3 PUFAs has been identified in skeletal muscle of older adults. Evidence further suggests that the additive effect of protein and n-3 PUFAs may project beyond skeletal muscle anabolism and promote SA. The key mechanism(s) behind the enhanced effects of intake of protein and n-3 PUFAs needs to be defined. The first objective of this review is to evaluate skeletal muscle as a driver of cardiometabolic health, physical function, and wellbeing to promote SA. The second objective is to examine observational and interventional evidence of protein and n-3 PUFAs on skeletal muscle to promote SA. The final objective is to propose mechanisms by which combined optimal intake of high-quality protein and n-3 PUFAs likely play a key role in SA. Current evidence suggests that increased intake of protein above the Recommended Dietary Allowance and n-3 PUFAs above the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations for late middle-aged and older adults is required to maintain skeletal muscle mass and to promote SA, potentially through the mechanistical target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1).

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The role of omega-3 fatty acids in skeletal muscle anabolism, strength, and function in healthy and diseased states

Cited by 3 publications

References 86 publications

Essential Biomolecules in Food Webs

Essential Biomolecules in Food Webs

The Influence of n-3PUFA Supplementation on Muscle Strength, Mass, and Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrition as the foundation for successful aging: a focus on dietary protein and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

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