The role of oral and pharyngeal motor exercises in post-stroke recovery: A scoping review

Abstract

Objective To analyze intervention goals, protocols, and outcome measures used for oral and pharyngeal motor exercises in post-stroke recovery. Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Cochrane databases were searched in September 2022. Methods Studies were included if they (1) recruited post-stroke adult patients, (2) administered exercises for the oral and/ or pharyngeal muscles, and (3) reported results at baseline and post-exercise. The extracted data included intervention goals, protocols, and outcomes. All outcomes were classified according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Results A total of 26 studies were identified. Their intervention goals aimed to rehabilitate a broad spectrum of muscle groups within the oral cavity and pharynx and to improve the functions of swallowing, speech, facial expressions, or sleep breathing. Protocol duration ranged from 1 to 13 weeks, with various exercise repetitions (times per day) and frequency (days per week). Half of the studies reported using feedback to support the training, and these studies varied in the feedback strategy and technology tool. A total of 37 unique outcome measures were identified. Most measures represented the body functions and body structure component of the ICF, and several of these measures showed large treatment effects. Conclusions This review demonstrated inconsistency across published studies in intervention goals and exercise protocols. It has also identified current limitations and provided recommendations for the selection of outcome measures while advancing a multidisciplinary view of oral and pharyngeal exercises in post-stroke recovery across relevant functions.

The effect of behavioral therapy on dysphagia of acute ischemic stroke patients feeding with a nasogastric tube

“…Isometric lingual exercises, which involved compressing an air-filled bulb between the tongue and the hard palate, effectively improved swallowing function [ 37 ]. Additionally, facial exercises were shown to play a significant role in addressing dysphagia in acute ischemic stroke patients [ 38 ]. Another study also suggested that exercises focused on the pharynx and larynx could enhance swallowing function [ 39 ].…”

Rehabilitation of Patients with Post-Stroke Dysarthria in the Russia and Abroad: a Literature Review

“…Все найденные типы современных (описанных за последние 5 лет) логопедических методик коррекции дизартрии мы можем разделить на: информационнокомпьютерные технологии (computer-based program) [15][16][17], исследования с применением дыхательных упражнений [12,13], исследования транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции [18][19][20][21], транслингвальной стимуляции или нейромышечной электростимуляции лицевого и тройничного нервов [22][23][24], использование акупунктуры [14], различные новые типы артикуляционной гимнастики и функциональных тренировок [25][26][27][28]. Исходя из вышеперечисленных методик, можно сказать, что, повторяя тенденции в двигательной реабилитации, логопедическое сопровождение движется в направлении повышения использования различного оборудования, отмечается рост использования инвазивных методик.…”

“…Движения языка стали активнее, объемнее, нормализовался тонус мышц артикуляционного аппарата [25]. В метаанализе различных методов артикуляционной гимнастики Marzouqah R. et al (26 клинических рандомизированных исследований) выявлена проблема отсутствия унификации артикуляционных упражнений, что не позволяет адекватно сравнивать результаты различных исследований [26]. В ретроспективном исследовании Oh B.M.…”

A Comprehensive Review of Physical Therapy Interventions for Stroke Rehabilitation: Impairment-Based Approaches and Functional Goals

“…Other rehabilitative treatments and physical therapy interventions for stroke patients may include music therapy, recreational therapy, and cognitive therapy [30][31][32]. The selection of interventions used will be based on the individual needs and capabilities of the patient.…”