The role of organic spacers in 2D/3D hybrid perovskite solar cells

Abstract

The long-term stability of three-dimensional (3D) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has become the major challenge for their commercial application. To solve this problem, the 2D/3D hybrid perovskites by incorporating bulky...

Single-Crystal-Assisted In Situ Phase Reconstruction Enables Efficient and Stable 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites, such as 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites and 2D Dion–Jacobson (DJ) perovskites, are known for their excellent long-term stability characteristics such as hydrophobicity and high formation energy. − Integrating the 2D perovskite into three-dimensional (3D) perovskite matrices offers the potential to achieve a synergy of high efficiency and stability in PSCs. − Typically, 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions could be constructed by either growing a 2D perovskite layer on top/bottom of a 3D perovskite film or incorporating 2D perovskite within the bulk of the 3D perovskite. − The incorporated 2D perovskite could passivate the surface or bulk defects, optimize the film morphology, and hinder the ion migration, resulting in reduced trap density and improved device performance. ,− …”

Molecular Engineering of 2D Spacer Cations to Achieve Efficient and Stable 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells

“…[10][11][12][13][14] Among them, 2D perovskite has attracted much attention in recent years due to the hydrophobicity and excellent stability, and the strategy of using 2D perovskite as an interfacial passivation material has shown great potential in fabricating efficient PSCs with high stability. [15,16] The 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction can effectively combine the high stability of 2D perovskite with the excellent photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 3D perovskite. The large organic ligand with high hydrophobicity in 2D materials could well prevent moisture invasion, thus facilitating phase stability.…”

“…[ 10–14 ] Among them, 2D perovskite has attracted much attention in recent years due to the hydrophobicity and excellent stability, and the strategy of using 2D perovskite as an interfacial passivation material has shown great potential in fabricating efficient PSCs with high stability. [ 15,16 ]…”

Crystal structure, semiconducting and photoluminescence (PL) properties of hybrid tin perovskite-like materials: [Cl–(CH2)2–NH3]2SnCl6 and [Cl–(CH2)2–NH3]2SnBr5.65Cl0.35

“…Research on hybrid halide perovskites or perovskite-like crystal structures has become one of the most crucial and promising topics of study due to their amazing ability to incorporate properties of organic and inorganic components within a single compound. 1–4 The structure of these materials consists of inorganic BX 6 octahedra (B is a metal ion and “X” is a halogen atom) to form 3D structures, 2D systems, 1D chains or 0D clusters, 5–7 which are separated by layers of organic cations. These structures nearly resemble ideal perovskites, which refer to a class of inorganic crystals with the chemical formula ABX 3 .…”