The role of outbreaks in developing food safety policy: population based surveillance of salmonella outbreaks in Wales 1986–98

Palmer, S.R.; Parry, Sharon Maree; Perry, Donald Kent; Smith, Rob; Evans, Meirion Rhys; Nehaul, L.; Roberts, Richard J.; Walapu, M.; Wright, David M.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800004659

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…23 The validity depends on the extent to which disease transmission in general outbreaks represents all disease transmission. There was however no alternative.…”

Section: Estimating the Number Of Cases Of Foodborne Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in indigenous foodborne disease and deaths, England and Wales: 1992 to 2000

Adak¹,

Long²,

O’Brien³

2002

Gut

414

301

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Background: Commitment to food safety is evidenced by high profile governmental initiatives around the globe. To measure progress towards targets, policy makers need to know the baseline from which they started. Aim: To describe the burden (mortality, morbidity, new presentations to general practice, hospital admissions, and hospital occupancy) and trends of indigenous foodborne disease (IFD) in England and Wales between 1992 and 2000. Methods: Routinely available surveillance data, special survey data, and hospital episode statistics were collated and arithmetic employed to estimate the burden and trends of IFD in England and Wales. Adjustments were made for underascertainment of disease through national surveillance and for foreign travel. The final estimates were compared with those from the USA. Results: In 1995 there were an estimated 2 365 909 cases, 21 138 hospital admissions, and 718 deaths in England and Wales due to IFD. By 2000 this had fallen to 1 338 772 cases, 20 759 hospital admissions, and 480 deaths. In terms of disease burden the most important pathogens were campylobacters, salmonellas, Clostridium perfringens, verocytotoxin producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157, and Listeria monocytogenes. The ratio of food related illness in the USA to IFD in England and Wales in 2000 was 57:1. Taking into account population rates, this ratio fell to 11:1 and converged when aetiology and disease severity were considered. Conclusion: Reducing IFD in England and Wales means tackling campylobacter. Lowering mortality rates however also requires better control and prevention of salmonellas, Cl perfringens, L monocytogenes, and VTEC O157.

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“…23 The validity depends on the extent to which disease transmission in general outbreaks represents all disease transmission. There was however no alternative.…”

Section: Estimating the Number Of Cases Of Foodborne Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in indigenous foodborne disease and deaths, England and Wales: 1992 to 2000

Adak¹,

Long²,

O’Brien³

2002

Gut

414

301

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recalls involve the removal of a food substance from circulation by a firm involved when it is believed the product presents a threat to consumers (Title 21 CFR 7.3 (g). Outbreaks of foodborne disease have an important influence on the development of public health policy (Palmer et al, 2000). Outbreaks of foodborne illnesses have increased fears about the effectiveness of protective measures designed for food-safety assurance (Antle, 1995).…”

Section: Food-safety Policy Recalls and Outbreaks In The Vegetable mentioning

confidence: 99%

Offsetting behavior and the benefits of food safety policies in vegetable preparation and consumption

2010

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Outbreaks of foodborne illnesses have an effect on the development of public health policy. Due to safety‐related uncertainties in the food supply chain, various regulatory safety and health policies are implemented to decrease potential harm to likely victims. The expected effect of these food‐safety policies forecasted in terms of reduction in foodborne illnesses, mortality, and food‐related diseases may be overstated if consumers' offsetting behavior is overlooked. Reduction and, in some cases, reversal of direct policy effect may occur. This research tests the presence of dominant or partial offsetting behavior in the preparation and consumption of vegetables if a food‐safety policy such as the Pathogen Reduction/Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (PR/HACCP) is mandated in the vegetable sector. Experimental results indicate the presence of dominant offsetting behavior in response to mandatory introduction of PR/HACCP in the vegetable sector. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…There are other major proteins in the HE extract that appear by SDS-PAGE with apparent molecular weights of 22 (Fig. 2A). Figure 3 shows some representative results of the immunoblotting performed.…”

Section: Characterization Of He Extractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poultry products are known to be a significant reservoir for Salmonella and the most important source of SE infection in humans [7,14,19,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral immune response in hens naturally infected withSalmonellaEnteritidis against outer membrane proteins and other surface structural antigens

et al. 2004

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-A simple procedure for obtaining surface exposed antigens of Salmonella Enteritidis is described. A heat treatment of whole bacteria in saline solution induced the release of small membrane vesicles containing outer membrane components as well as surface appendage components, such as fimbriae and flagellin. The characterization of the structural components of this extract, called HE, was established by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting using polyclonal and monoclonal specific antibodies. Five major groups of proteins were identified: flagellin, porins, OmpA, SEF21 and SEF14 fimbriae. The immunogenicity of these proteins was studied by immunoblotting with serum samples from naturally infected hens. Flagellin, porins, OmpA, SEF14 and SEF21 fimbriae were immunogenic in the S. Enteritidis infected hens (frequency of reactants: 47.3, 97.3, 64.7, 50.0 and 60.8%, respectively); porins also reacted with sera from non infected hens (66.7%). The immunogenicity of these antigens in infected birds provide promise that they may serve as components of an effective subcellular vaccine for poultry salmonellosis. salmonellosis / immunoblotting / immunogenicity / surface antigens / hens

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The role of outbreaks in developing food safety policy: population based surveillance of salmonella outbreaks in Wales 1986–98

Cited by 48 publications

References 13 publications

Trends in indigenous foodborne disease and deaths, England and Wales: 1992 to 2000

Trends in indigenous foodborne disease and deaths, England and Wales: 1992 to 2000

Offsetting behavior and the benefits of food safety policies in vegetable preparation and consumption

Humoral immune response in hens naturally infected withSalmonellaEnteritidis against outer membrane proteins and other surface structural antigens

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