The Role of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer ’ s Disease

Madeo, Jennifer

doi:10.4172/2161-0460.1000116

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…These facts suggest that AD is an adult onset metabolic disease experienced as aging progresses. Some researchers believe that aging which influences the oxidative and inflammatory states of the brain is the most important risk factor for AD [10]. Oxidative stress with toxic oxygen free radicals are also regarded as pathological abnormalities.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease affected by Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc treatment

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAssociation of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) has been well established. Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc (Cyclo-Z) treatment ameliorated diabetes in rats and similar improvements have been seen in human patients. Treatment of amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice with Cyclo-Z exhibited memory improvements and significantly reduced Aβ-40 and Aβ-42 protein levels in the brain tissues of the mice.Scope of reviewMetabolic relationship between AD and T2D will be described with particular attention to insulin sensitivity and Aβ degradation in brain and plasma tissues. Mechanistic effect of insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) in decreasing blood glucose and brain Aβ levels will be elucidated. Cyclo-Z effects on these biochemical parameters will be discussed.Major conclusionStimulation of IDE synthesis is effective for the clinical treatment of metabolic diseases including AD and T2D.General significanceCyclo-Z might be the effective treatment of AD and T2D by stimulating IDE synthesis.

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Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease affected by Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc treatment

et al. 2017

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“…As approved by Food and Drug Administration tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galanthamine were used for the treatment of mild to moderate AD (Mehta et al, 2012). A great deal of research has implicated that oxidative stress is an important contributor to Ab accumulation and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, suggesting that it plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of AD (Madeo & Elsayad, 2013;Zhao & Zhao, 2013). Involvement of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of AD raises the possibility of the therapeutic use of free radical scavengers and antioxidants (Chauhan & Chauhan, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitroantioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities ofRhizophora mucronata

Suganthy

Devi

2015

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae), commonly known as Asiatic mangrove, has been used traditionally among Asian countries as folk medicine. Objective: This study investigates the cholinesterase inhibitory potential and antioxidant activities of R. mucronata. Materials and method: Rhizophora mucronata leaves were successively extracted using solvents of varying polarity and a dosage of 100-500 mg/ml were used for each assay. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities were assessed according to the method of Ellman. In vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using free radical scavenging, reducing power, and metal-chelating activity (duration -3 months). Total phenolic and flavonoid content were quantified spectrophotometrically. Compound characterization was done using column chromatography, NMR, FTIR, and LC-MS analysis. Results: Methanolic leaf extract (500 mg/ml) exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against AChE (92.73 ± 0.54%) and BuChE (98.98 ± 0.17%), with an IC 50 value of 59.31 ± 0.35 and 51.72 ± 0.33 mg/ml, respectively. Among the different solvent extracts, methanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with an IC 50 value of 47.39 ± 0.43, 401.45 ± 18.52, 80.23 ± 0.70, and 316.47 ± 3.56 mg/ml for DPPH, hydroxyl, nitric oxide radical, and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents in methanolic extract were observed to be 598.13 ± 1.85 mg of gallic acid equivalent and 48.85 ± 0.70 mg of rutin equivalent/ mg of extract. Compound characterization illustrated (+)-catechin as the bioactive compound responsible for cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Conclusion: The presence of rich source of flavonoids, in particular catechin, might be responsible for its cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities.

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“…In fact, abnormal levels of free Fe have been found in patients with a number of neurodegenerative disorders including AD and have been attributed to Al. These ROS are responsible for numerous aberrant biological reactions that culminate in disease conditions (33,34). Astrocytes are important constituents of the brain and outnumber the neurons by numerous folds.…”

Section: Brain Metabolism and Alzheimer's Disease: The Prospect Of A mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: The prospect of a metabolite-based therapy

Thomas

Alhasawi

Auger

et al. 2015

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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The brain is one of the most energy-demanding organs in the body. It has evolved intricate metabolic networks to fulfill this need and utilizes a variety of substrates to generate ATP, the universal energy currency. Any disruption in the supply of energy results in various abnormalities including Alzheimer's disease (AD), a condition with markedly diminished cognitive ability. Astrocytes are an important participant in maintaining the cerebral ATP budget. However, under oxidative stress induced by numerous factors including aluminum toxicity, the ability of astroctyes to generate ATP is impaired due to dysfunctional mitochondria. This leads to globular, glycolytic, lipogenic and ATP-deficient astrocytes, cerebral characteristics common in AD patients. The reversal of these perturbations by such natural metabolites as pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, acetoacetate and L-carnitine provides valuable therapeutic cues against AD.

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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer ’ s Disease

Cited by 25 publications

References 81 publications

Metabolic relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease affected by Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc treatment

Metabolic relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease affected by Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc treatment

In vitroantioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities ofRhizophora mucronata

Brain metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: The prospect of a metabolite-based therapy

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