The role of oxidative stress in the formation of adaptive processes in the body

Abstract

Introduction. Oxidative stress (OS) occurs in various pathological processes, and acting as a nonspecific link in their pathogenesis. Less is known about its physiological role. The aim of study. Analysis of the results of world literature data and our own research on the participation of oxidative stress in the formation of adaptation processes in the body, under the influence of unfavorable environmental factors. Methods. Analysis of the results of studies published in international databases (Pubmed, Elsevier) and Russian concerning the physiological role of OS, published over the past 20 years. Results. The article presents numerous information that OS acts as a nonspecific link in the body’s adaptation. The implementation of its physiological effects is associated with a change in the redox state of the cytoplasm and mitochondria of the cell, which leads to the reversible oxidation of intracellular proteins and contributes to the modulation of their properties. As a result of this, the synthesis changes and the manifestation of the activity of a number of intracellular proteins (enzymes, chaperones, transcription factors) that provide protection from the action of damaging factors is modulated. Conclusion. The authors conclude that it is inappropriate to use antioxidants for the treatment and prevention of diseases whose pathogenesis is associated with the occurrence of moderate oxidative stress (oxidative eustress).