The role of oxide structure on copper wire to the rubber adhesion

Su, Yea-Yang; Shemenski, R. M.

doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(00)00158-6

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Steel cords are extensively used to reinforce rubber compounds and to provide strength in radial tyres, high pressure hydraulic hoses and heavy duty conveyor belts . To promote the adhesion of steel wire to rubber, the steel substrates are often plated with brass . The adhesion build‐up mechanism involves the chemical reaction of sulfuring species in the rubber with the copper of the brass coating leading to a Cu x S layer at the rubber–brass interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combination of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and an ionic liquid as a model system to study the adhesion interface between sulfur and brass

Baert

Breugelmans

Buytaert

et al. 2013

J Raman Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The adhesion of steel cord to rubber is very important for the quality of reinforced rubber products, e.g. tyres. Therefore, steel cord is often plated with brass, which will lead to CuxS bonds after reaction with sulfur compounds in the rubber. A unique in‐situ analytical method has been developed to investigate the sulfur–brass interface: the sulfuring process has been simulated via a heating process in a water‐free transparent ionic liquid with added sulfur and the reaction at the brass‐coated steel cord has been monitored in real time with Raman spectroscopy. The grown CuxS film seems to be similar to the layers at the steel cord interface in real rubber materials. The model system can also be used to perform electrochemical measurements at the same time. The thickness of the CuxS layer has been estimated from the measured current during a cathodic stripping process. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combination of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and an ionic liquid as a model system to study the adhesion interface between sulfur and brass

Baert

Breugelmans

Buytaert

et al. 2013

J Raman Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nonbuffered electrolytes such as KCl, NaCl, and NH 4 Cl were compared with buffered electrolytes such as NaHCO 3 Na 2 CO 3 , NaH 2 PO 4 , Na 2 HPO 4 , and CH 3 COONa. Various concentrations of each electrolyte were also employed.…”

Section: Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative and quantitative identification of copper oxides

Su¹,

Shemenski²

2008

Surface & Interface Analysis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The quality, thickness, and chemistry of oxides on metal surfaces play a vital role in a variety of applications. Some of these include adhesion of elastomers to metal surfaces, solar cell efficiency, sealing of electronic packaging, reduction of friction during wet drawing, and degree of biocompatibility of biomaterials. However, contradictory results and misidentification of oxide layers on metallic surfaces have caused ambiguity in interpretation of results leading to incorrect use in industrial application. This study will focus on the effect of experimental parameters such as electrolyte composition and concentration, current density, coating, time constant, surface roughness, and concentration of depolarizer on cathodic reduction of oxides on metallic wires to yield precise measurement and correct identification of oxide layers.

show abstract

“…[14][15][16][17][18][19] Most of the literatures suggest copper as a preferred coating to improve the interfacial bonding with rubber during vulcanization because it reacts with sulfur present in the rubber to form copper sulfide at the interface. 4,[20][21][22] For improving the adhesion strength between the steel and rubber, steel surface initial roughness plays an important role in obtaining the uniform metallic coating coverage and the quality of the interface. The uniform coating coverage on rough steel surface with a thin layer of Cu or Cu-Sn alloy coating through cementation or displacement method could be challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Surface Roughness to Improve Steel-rubber Adhesion Strength through Electro-cleaning Simulation

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, we have simulated the electro-cleaning process considering the actual surface topography of steel sheet to determine the final topography and roughness of the steel surface (R z , distance between the surface peak and the valley) after different duration of electro-cleaning. COMSOL Multi-Physics ® simulation module with moving mesh technique was used for the electro-cleaning simulation. The effect of applied current density (A/m 2 ), electrolyte concentration (H 2 SO 4 , g/l) and temperature (°C) on the change in roughness (ΔR z , μm) of steel surface was evaluated by the simulation. Simulation results show that the current density has the highest effect towards the change in roughness of steel surface. The change in roughness increases with increase in current density. The current density of 500-700 A/m 2 is required for appreciable electro-cleaning roughness in this study. An electrolyte concentration of 40-60 g/l would provide the maximum change in roughness for any fixed applied current density. The change in roughness also increases with increasing the electrolyte temperature. Lab scale experimentation showed good agreement with the simulated results. Finally, it was determined that 600 A/m 2 of applied current density and 4.75 μm of steel surface final roughness (R z,f ) would provide the maximum adhesion strength of 110 N between the steel and rubber.

show abstract

The role of oxide structure on copper wire to the rubber adhesion

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

The combination of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and an ionic liquid as a model system to study the adhesion interface between sulfur and brass

The combination of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and an ionic liquid as a model system to study the adhesion interface between sulfur and brass

Qualitative and quantitative identification of copper oxides

Optimizing Surface Roughness to Improve Steel-rubber Adhesion Strength through Electro-cleaning Simulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About