“…Event-related potentials (ERPs) have shown great potential in characterising, evaluating, and monitoring language abilities in patients with aphasia. The pre-attentive mismatch negativity (MMN) (Näätänen, Gaillard, & Mäntysalo, 1978), the attentive P300 potential (Sutton, Braren, Zubin, & John, 1965), and the N400 potential (Kutas & Hillyard, 1980) are very suitable to evaluate phonological and lexical-semantic input processes during the course of aphasia recovery (Becker & Reinvang, 2007;Csépe, Osman-Sági, Molnár, & Gósy, 2001;Kawohl et al, 2010), as an amplitude re-enhancement can be associated with improvement of language functions over time, throughout the different recovery phases (Ilvonen et al, 2003;Nolfe, Cobianchi, Mossuto-Agatiello, & Giaquinto, 2006;Pulvermuller, Mohr, & Lutzenberger, 2004). Surprisingly, ERP studies measuring therapeutic effects on language abilities and its underlying reorganisation of neuronal circuits are scarce, and, to the best of our knowledge, to date have only been performed in patients with aphasia at least 1 year post-stroke.…”