The role of palladium in a hydrogen economy

Adams, Brian D.; Chen, Aicheng

doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(11)70143-2

Cited by 473 publications

(331 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Zhao et al, reviewed the catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells including the application of Pd [10]. Adams and Chen's review paper focused on the application of Pd in hydrogen storage [11]. The nano-structure of Pd for catalysis and hydrogen storage was also reviewed recently by Zhou in Chem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development of Pd-Based Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2015

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This review selectively summarizes the latest developments in the Pd-based cataysts for low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, especially in the application of formic acid oxidation, alcohol oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction. The advantages and shortcomings of the Pd-based catalysts for electrocatalysis are analyzed. The influence of the structure and morphology of the Pd materials on the performance of the Pd-based catalysts were described. Finally, the perspectives of future trends on Pd-based catalysts for different applications were considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development of Pd-Based Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2015

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“…It is remarkable that the palladium sub-lattice remains face-centered cubic (FCC) in both phases, while the hydrogen atoms occupy interstitial octahedral sites, which themselves define a second FCC sub-lattice. Also in both phases, the hydrogen diffusion coefficient D H is well described by an Arrhenius law in the temperature range of 230 and 900 K. For bulk palladium at room temperature (298 K), D H is measured to be 3.8 × 10 −7 cm 2 /s in α-phase and 2.0 × 10 −7 cm 2 /s in β-phase (Adams and Chen, 2011). Recently, extensive research has been devoted to developing and optimizing metal-based nanomaterials for high-speed, high-capacity, reversible hydrogen storage applications (e. g., Huot et al (1999); Li et al (2007)).…”

Section: Hydrogen Diffusion In Palladium Nanofilmsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Atomistic long-term simulation of heat and mass transport

Venturini

Wang

Romero

et al. 2014

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

114

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We formulate a theory of non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics for ensembles of atoms or molecules. The theory is an application of Jayne's maximum entropy principle, which allows the statistical treatment of systems away from equilibrium. In particular, neither temperature nor atomic fractions are required to be uniform but instead are allowed to take different values from particle to particle. In addition, following the Coleman-Noll method of continuum thermodynamics we derive a dissipation inequality expressed in terms of discrete thermodynamic fluxes and forces. This discrete dissipation inequality effectively sets the structure for discrete kinetic potentials that couple the microscopic field rates to the corresponding driving forces, thus resulting in a closed set of equations governing the evolution of the system. We complement the general theory with a variational meanfield theory that provides a basis for the formulation of computationally tractable approximations. We present several validation cases, concerned with equilibrium properties of alloys, heat conduction in silicon nanowires and hydrogen desorption from palladium thin films, that demonstrate the range and scope of the method and assess its fidelity and predictiveness. These validation cases are characterized by the need or desirability to account for atomiclevel properties while simultaneously entailing time scales much longer than * Corresponding author E-mail address: ortiz@caltech.edu (M. Ortiz). September 27, 2014 those accessible to direct molecular dynamics. The ability of simple meanfield models and discrete kinetic laws to reproduce equilibrium properties and long-term behavior of complex systems is remarkable. Preprint submitted to Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

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“…The heat of hydride formation (∆H h ), an indication of the metal-to-hydrogen bond strength, for Pd is slightly higher than that of V, meaning the hydride of Pd is more stable than that of V and causing the H-storage capacity of Pd to be lower than that of V (PdH 0.75 [110] vs. VH). Finally, due to its superior H 2 dissociative properties, Pd serves as a common catalyst in facilitating hydrogen absorption and desorption for MH alloys [111]. 4 Pd x (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) were prepared by arc melting within a water-cooled Cu crucible.…”

Section: Properties Of Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in the Surface Catalytic Ability by Addition of Palladium in C14 Metal Hydride Alloy

Kim

Ouchi²,

Nei³

et al. 2017

Batteries

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A combination of analytic tools and electrochemical testing was employed to study the contributions of Palladium (Pd) in a Zr-based AB 2 metal hydride alloy (Ti 12 Zr 22.8 V 10 Cr 7.5 Mn 8.1 Co 7 Ni 32.2 Al 0.4 ). Pd enters the A-site of both the C14 and C15 Laves phases and shrinks the unit cell volumes, which results in a decrease of both gaseous phase and electrochemical hydrogen storage capacities. On the other hand, the addition of Pd benefits both the bulk transport of hydrogen and the surface electrochemical reaction. Improvements in high-rate dischargeability and low-temperature performances are solely due to an increase in surface catalytic ability. Addition of Pd also decreases the surface reactive area, but such properties can be mediated through incorporation of additional modifications with rare earth elements. A review of Pd-addition to other hydrogen storage materials is also included.

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The role of palladium in a hydrogen economy

Cited by 473 publications

References 96 publications

Recent Development of Pd-Based Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Recent Development of Pd-Based Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Atomistic long-term simulation of heat and mass transport

Increase in the Surface Catalytic Ability by Addition of Palladium in C14 Metal Hydride Alloy

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