The role of parenthood in shaping the gender wage gap – A comparative analysis of 26 European countries

Cukrowska‐Torzewska, Ewa; Lovász, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102355

Cited by 45 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Also, data from Statistics Sweden show that labor force participation rates for women in 2019 stood at 82.3 percent, only slightly lower than that of men at 85.9 percent. Even in Sweden, however, the gender wage gap persists, with estimates of the unadjusted gender gap in the range of 12 to 20 percent [3,4]. Differences in occupation structures are estimated to account for more than half of this wage gap [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender discrimination in hiring: An experimental reexamination of the Swedish case

2021

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We estimated the degree of gender discrimination in Sweden across occupations using a correspondence study design. Our analysis of employer responses to more than 3,200 fictitious job applications across 15 occupations revealed that overall positive employer response rates were higher for women than men by almost 5 percentage points. We found that this gap was driven by employer responses in female-dominated occupations. Male applicants were about half as likely as female applicants to receive a positive employer response in female-dominated occupations. For male-dominated and mixed occupations we found no significant differences in positive employer responses between male and female applicants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender discrimination in hiring: An experimental reexamination of the Swedish case

2021

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“…Indeed, Slovakia is among the most conservative countries in terms of work division (according to GEI). 51 and 48 percent of respondents, respectively, support claims that women have comparative advantage in domestic tasks and that fathers, unlike mothers, should be rather career-than family-oriented (Cukrowska-Torzewska & Lovasz, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…It is expected that women will seek for employments that allow for greater flexibility in terms of working hours (part time jobs, home office) and provide greater work-life balance. For men the acceptance for similar behaviour is much lower (Cukrowska-Torzewska & Lovasz, 2020;Kleven, Landais, & Søgaard, 2019). Indeed, Slovakia is among the most conservative countries in terms of work division (according to GEI).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-based wage discrimination and the backlash effect in recruitment and dismissal processes Experimental evidence from Slovakia

Adamus¹,

Mikušková²

2020

Preprint

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A sample of 155 HR managers participated in an experimental vignette study. In Task 1, they evaluated three CV resumes in terms of the applicants’ competence, hireability, likeability and wage proposal of three applicants applying for a regional sales manager post. Half of the sample received CVs presented as females’ and half as males’, otherwise the CVs were identical. Generally, male and female applicants were evaluated similarly in terms of competence and hireability. Average and worst male applicants were evaluated as less likeable than identical females. However, wages offered to female applicants were significantly lower than those offered to male applicants. We were unable to identify moderators of the phenomenon other than female HR managers driving the effect. In Task 2, participants were showed a set of vignettes presenting six employees (3 men and 3 women) preselected to be dismissed due to the economic crisis. Apart from basic demographics, the employees were described in terms of age, years in the company and frequency of absences. Again, we switched employees’ gender for half of the sample. We have found that HR managers are more likely to dismiss male employees and that they are particularly unforgiving to male workers with frequent absences.

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“…Найбільш суттєвий вплив простежується в країнах Східної Європи, де політика та норми призводять до тривалих перерв у роботі жінок. У південних країнах вплив материнства на різницю в заробітній платі між жінками та чоловіками майже відсутній, оскільки матері швидко повертаються до роботи [7].…”

Section: літературний оглядunclassified

Analysis of institutional factors that cause gender pay gaps in Ukraine

Tsymbaliuk

Volkovska

2021

Social and labour relations: theory and practice

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Despite Ukraine’s commitments regarding non-discrimination and ensuring gender equality, the issue of gender pay gaps remains relevant. The aim of the study is to identify factors that cause gender pay gaps and assess their impact on wage differences at the institutional level in Ukraine. Based on the generalization of the research results, macroeconomic and microeconomic approaches to the grouping of factors that cause gender pay gaps have been identified. Based on the analysis of statistical data, it has been determined that gender occupational segregation exists in Ukraine, as most women work in low-wage economic activities; women are more likely to lead businesses with a lower level of wages. As the result of the assessment of the impact of various factors on wage differences, it has been found that gender pay gaps are the smallest in the public sector. Part-time employment in 2018 affected gender pay gaps by 3.8%. Based on the correlation factor analysis, the positive impact of increasing the minimum wage and innovative development on reducing gender pay gaps has been substantiated. The hypothesis regarding the impact of collective bargaining on gender pay gaps at the organizational level has been refuted. Promising measures have been identified that would help to create equal opportunities and reduce gender pay gaps, and thus to fulfill Ukraine’s commitments in the context of European integration.

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The role of parenthood in shaping the gender wage gap – A comparative analysis of 26 European countries

Cited by 45 publications

References 43 publications

Gender discrimination in hiring: An experimental reexamination of the Swedish case

Gender discrimination in hiring: An experimental reexamination of the Swedish case

Gender-based wage discrimination and the backlash effect in recruitment and dismissal processes Experimental evidence from Slovakia

Analysis of institutional factors that cause gender pay gaps in Ukraine

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