The Role of Parenting in Relational Aggression and Prosocial Behavior among Emerging Adults

Clark, Caitlin; Dahlen, Eric R.; Nicholson, Bonnie C.

doi:10.1080/10926771.2015.1002653

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Cronbach’s alpha reliabilities from age 13 to age 18 ranged from α = .90 to α = .93 for the total sample, from α = .88 to α = .92 for boys, and from α = .90 to α = .94 for girls. In addition to high internal consistency, previous research revealed high convergent validity for this measure (Hawk et al 2013 ; Clark et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Prosocial Behavior in Adolescence: Gender Differences in Development and Links with Empathy

Graaff

Carlo

Crocetti

et al. 2017

J Youth Adolescence

404

240

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Although adolescents’ prosocial behavior is related to various positive outcomes, longitudinal research on its development and predictors is still sparse. This 6-wave longitudinal study investigated the development of prosocial behavior across adolescence, and examined longitudinal associations with perspective taking and empathic concern. Participants were 497 adolescents (M age t1 = 13.03 years, 43% girls) who reported on their prosocial behaviors, empathic concern, and perspective taking. The results revealed marked gender differences in the development of prosocial behavior. For boys, levels of prosocial behavior were stable until age 14, followed by an increase until age 17, and a slight decrease thereafter. For girls, prosocial behavior increased until age 16 years and then slightly decreased. Regarding longitudinal associations, empathic concern was consistently related to subsequent prosocial behavior. However, perspective taking was only indirectly related to prosocial behavior, via its effect on empathic concern. Tests of the direction of effects showed support for the notion that earlier prosocial behavior predicts subsequent empathy-related traits, but only for girls. The findings support cognitive-developmental and moral socialization theories of prosocial development and the primary role of moral emotions in predicting prosocial behaviors. Our findings inform strategies to foster prosocial behaviors by emphasizing moral emotions rather than moral cognitions during adolescence.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Prosocial Behavior in Adolescence: Gender Differences in Development and Links with Empathy

Graaff

Carlo

Crocetti

et al. 2017

J Youth Adolescence

404

240

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the current study, Cronbach's alphas ranged across waves from .87 to .92. In addition to high internal consistency, previous research revealed high convergent validity for this measure of prosociality, showing that it was positively related to perspective taking and empathic concern (Hawk et al, ) and negatively related to relational aggression (Clark, Dahlen, & Nicholson, ). Importantly, the magnitude of these associations was generally moderate, indicating that prosociality was distinct from empathy and relational aggression.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Interplay of Self–Certainty and Prosocial Development in the Transition from Late Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood

et al. 2016

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The transition from late adolescence to emerging adulthood is a period of the life span that offers young people the possibility to consolidate their self-certainty and prosociality. Both aspects are of core importance for increasing personal and societal well-being. The purpose of this longitudinal study was twofold: (i) to examine patterns of change and stability in self-concept clarity and prosociality; and (ii) to unravel over time associations between these constructs in the transition from late adolescence to emerging adulthood. In addressing both aims, we explored the moderating effects of gender. Participants were 244 Dutch emerging adults (46% male; mean age at T1 = 16.73 years) who completed six waves of data collection (mean age at T6 = 22.7 years). Findings highlighted that (i) self-concept clarity developed nonlinearly, with an initial decline from T1 to T2 followed by an increase thereafter, while prosociality increased linearly over time and both self-concept clarity and prosociality were characterized by high rank-order consistency; (ii) self-concept clarity and prosociality were positively related over time, with the effect of prosociality on self-concept clarity being stronger than the reciprocal effect of self-concept clarity on prosociality. Gender differences were detected in mean levels of self-concept clarity and prosociality (male participants reported higher self-concept clarity and lower prosociality than female participants) but not in their developmental pathways nor in their reciprocal associations.

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“…Therefore, parental psychological control during adolescence can be considered as stressful parenting, which could affect the social development of adolescents. Indeed, parental psychological control has been related to lower levels of social behavior and higher levels of relational aggression in adolescents (Loukas et al 2005 ) and emerging adults (Clark et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Stressful Parenting and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Haplotypes on Social Development During Adolescence and Young Adulthood

Endedijk

Nelemans

Schür

et al. 2019

J Youth Adolescence

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The development of social behavior could be affected by stressful parenting. The mineralocorticoid receptor, one of the two main receptors for the stress hormone cortisol, plays a vital role in adequate responses to stress. Therefore, the effects of stressful parenting on social development (i.e., empathic concern, perspective taking and prosocial behavior) may be moderated by functional genetic variation in mineralocorticoid receptor haplotypes (a combination of alleles). A group of 343 adolescents (44.3% females) was followed from the age of 13 until 24 years. Growth curve analyses showed lower levels of prosocial behaviors and a slower increase in empathic concern and perspective taking in adolescents who reported more stressful parenting. In contrast, relatively higher levels of prosocial behavior, empathic concern and perspective taking were present in combination with stress resilient mineralocorticoid receptor haplotypes. Despite sex differences in social development with earlier social development for girls, no consistent sex differences were found with regard to mineralocorticoid receptor haplotypes. The current study showed that genetic variation in mineralocorticoid receptor impacts the social development during adolescence and young adulthood.

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The Role of Parenting in Relational Aggression and Prosocial Behavior among Emerging Adults

Cited by 39 publications

References 61 publications

Prosocial Behavior in Adolescence: Gender Differences in Development and Links with Empathy

Prosocial Behavior in Adolescence: Gender Differences in Development and Links with Empathy

The Interplay of Self–Certainty and Prosocial Development in the Transition from Late Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood

The Role of Stressful Parenting and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Haplotypes on Social Development During Adolescence and Young Adulthood

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