The role of Pavlovian processes in drug tolerance and dependence: Implications for treatment

Poulos, Constantine X.; Hinson, Riley E.; Siegel, Shepard

doi:10.1016/0306-4603(81)90018-6

Cited by 144 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the past, craving has typically been evaluated using a simple one-or two-item Likert scale or visual analogue scale, on the assumption that cigarette cravings are unidimensional in nature. For example, some investigators believed that such cravings reflected positive reinforcing (incentive) properties (Marlatt 1985;Niaura et al 1988;Wise 1988), others that they reflected negative reinforcing properties (Ludwig and Wikler 1974;Poulos et al 1981;West and Schneider 1987). More recently, however, Tiffany and Drobes (1991) have argued that urges and cravings should not be assumed to be reflective of the motivational processes central to drug use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Smoking-related cues elicit craving in tobacco "chippers": a replication and validation of the two-factor structure of the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges

2000

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Smoking-related cues elicit craving in tobacco "chippers": a replication and validation of the two-factor structure of the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges

2000

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“…Specifi cally, withdrawal-based models predict that drug cues will elicit cue responses that are physiologically withdrawal like (or opposite to direct drug effects; Poulos, Hinson, & Siegel, 1981 ;Wikler, 1948 ). Withdrawal is often manifested through a decrease in heart rate and skin conductance during drug cue exposure ( Carter & Tiffany, 1999 ;Niaura et al, 1988 ).…”

Section: Psychophysiological Reactions During Urge Elicitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of smoking cues in antismoking advertisements on smoking urge and psychophysiological reactions

Kang

Cappella²,

Strasser³

et al. 2009

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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“…[30][31][32][33] and associative-withdrawal models of craving [e.g. [34][35][36], Knott et al [23] make several assumptions. First, they assume delta reductions and beta increments, which are smoking-like EEG changes, to be correlated with reward craving.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Electroencephalographic Spectrum in Response to Smoking Cues in Smokers and Ex-Smokers

Littel

Franken

Strien³

2009

Neuropsychobiology

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Aims: To investigate the changes in the electroencephalographic (EEG) spectrum in smokers during exposure to a neutral and a smoking-related cue to determine whether these EEG changes are still present in ex-smokers after prolonged abstinence and to examine the relationship between the power in each spectral bandwidth and subjective craving. Methods: EEG frequencies in response to a smoking-related and a neutral cue were examined in 23 smokers and 21 ex-smokers, who quit smoking for 1.4 years on average. Additionally, self-report measures of cigarette craving and nicotine dependence were obtained. The spectral power of each bandwidth was computed, log-transformed, and analyzed using a within-subject design. Differences between EEG activity under neutral and smoking conditions were correlated with differences between pre- and postexperimental subjective craving. Results: Increases in reward craving (desire and intention to smoke) were associated with reduced theta activity, whereas increases in withdrawal craving (reduction of negative affect and withdrawal symptoms) were correlated with increases in both delta and higher alpha power. Furthermore, in smokers, but not in ex-smokers, a significant beta power increase was observed between the neutral condition and the smoking condition. Conclusion: Since the beta band is associated with arousal, attention, and alertness, it is suggested that the beta increase in response to the smoking cue might reflect an enhanced allocation of resources to smoking-related stimuli, i.e. a processing bias, which is an important feature of substance abuse. Since ex-smokers do not respond to the smoking cue with beta activity enhancement, we preliminarily conclude that smoking cues do not arouse ex-smokers or capture their attention as much as they do in smokers.

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The role of Pavlovian processes in drug tolerance and dependence: Implications for treatment

Cited by 144 publications

References 22 publications

Smoking-related cues elicit craving in tobacco "chippers": a replication and validation of the two-factor structure of the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges

Smoking-related cues elicit craving in tobacco "chippers": a replication and validation of the two-factor structure of the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges

The effect of smoking cues in antismoking advertisements on smoking urge and psychophysiological reactions

Changes in the Electroencephalographic Spectrum in Response to Smoking Cues in Smokers and Ex-Smokers

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