The role of pentraxin 3 and oxidative status in the prognosis of multiple myeloma

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a bone marrow malignancy characterized by plasma cell proliferation. It was aimed to investigate pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels, oxidative/antioxidative status, and their correlation in MM. In the study, four groups were established, including newly diagnosed MM (NDMM), MM in remission (Rem-MM), relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) patients, and a healthy control group. PTX3 levels were measured using ELISA, and the total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were assessed with an autoanalyzer. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated using the formula: OSI (arbitrary unit) =TOS (µmol H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Eq/L) /TAS (mmol Trolox Eq/L) ×100. The study involved comparing PTX3, TAS, TOS, and OSI levels among these four groups. PTX3 levels were significantly elevated in NDMM and RRMM groups compared to controls and the Rem-MM group (NDMM vs. control; p<0.001, NDMM vs. Rem-MM; p<0.001, RRMM vs. control; p<0.001, and RRMM vs. Rem-MM; p=0.006). TAS was higher in NDMM and RRMM groups versus controls (p=0.009 and p<0.001, respectively), and TOS was higher in rem-MM group versus NDMM and control groups (p<0.001 and p=0.016, respectively). OSI was higher in the Rem-MM group than in NDMM and RRMM groups (p<0.001 and p=0.009, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed associations between MM groups and PTX3 levels. ROC analysis revealed high specificity (90%) and sensitivity (79%) for PTX3 in NDMM at a>0.56 ng/mL cut-off value. This study suggests that PTX3 levels may have diagnostic and prognostic potential in MM and its relationship with oxidative stress requires further exploration.