“…Participatory practices include stakeholders in the feedback, design, decision making, or implementation of governance systems. Participation can promote cooperation and improve ecological outcomes by satisfying fundamental needs for procedural justice and self-determination, which encourage policy acceptance and internalized motivation (e.g., Leach and Sabatier 2005, Lavergne et al 2010, McComas et al 2011see Frey et al 2004, DeCaro and Stokes 2008 for review). When properly implemented, participation can also facilitate social learning (Pahl-Wostl 2009, Leach et al 2013), diversity (Reed 2008, Huitema et al 2009), and social-ecological fit (DeCaro and Stokes 2013), which are major components of adaptive governance systems (Marshall 2008, Ruhl 2011.…”