The role of periodontal receptors in the jaw‐opening reflex in the cat.

Dessem, Dean; Iyadurai, O D; Taylor, Anthony R.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1988.sp017382

Cited by 130 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Mechanoreceptors within the periodontal ligament are known to inhibit jaw adductors and trigger a jaw opening response as reactions to biting on unexpectedly resistant, potentially damaging foods (Anderson et al, 1970;Dessem et al, 1988). We suggest that a system that experiences higher displacements and strains will facilitate greater opportunity for feedback through the nervous system and, hence, a greater capacity for the organism to modify behavior and avoid catastrophic failure in bones and teeth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Resolution Three‐Dimensional Computer Simulation of Hominid Cranial Mechanics

Wroe

Moreno

Clausen

et al. 2007

The Anatomical Record

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In vivo data demonstrates that strain is not distributed uniformly on the surface of the primate skull during feeding. However, in vivo studies are unable to identify or track changes in stress and strain throughout the whole structure. Finite element (FE) analysis, a powerful engineering tool long used to predict the performance of man-made devices, has the capacity to track stress/strain in three dimensions (3-D) and, despite the time-consuming nature of model generation, FE has become an increasingly popular analytical device among biomechanists. Here, we apply the finite element method using sophisticated computer models to examine whether 3-D stress and strain distributions are nonuniform throughout the primate skull, as has been strongly suggested by 2-D in vivo strain analyses. Our simulations document steep internal stress/strain gradients, using models comprising up to three million tetrahedral finite elements and 3-D reconstructions of jaw adducting musculature with both cranium and mandible in correct anatomical position. Results are in broad concurrence with the suggestion that few regions of the hominid cranium are clearly optimized for routine feeding and also show that external stress/strain does not necessarily reflect internal distributions. Findings further suggest that the complex heterogeneity of bone in the skull may act to dissipate stress, but that consequently higher strain must be offset by additional strain energy. We hypothesize that, despite energetic costs, this system may lend adaptive advantage through enhancing the organism's ability to modify its behavior before reaching catastrophic failure in bony or dental structures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Resolution Three‐Dimensional Computer Simulation of Hominid Cranial Mechanics

Wroe

Moreno

Clausen

et al. 2007

The Anatomical Record

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“…The reflexly induced facilitation may help the muscles to maintain pieces of food between the teeth so that they may then be crushed, or it may, in concert with the muscle spindle reflex control (Lamarre & Lund, 1975;Goodwin, Hoffmann & Luschei, 1978;Dessem, Iyadurai & Taylor, 1988), help to overcome unexpected resistances to closing by a load compensation reflex. Ottenhoff et al (1992) have recently investigated the responses of the jaw-closing muscles to changing loads applied to the teeth during simulated chewing movements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanoreceptors around the tooth evoke inhibitory and excitatory reflexes in the human masseter muscle.

Brodin

Türker

Miles

1993

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The reflex responses evoked in the human masseter muscle by controlled mechanical stimulation of an incisor tooth were examined electromyographically. The stimuli were (slow) pushes and (brisk) taps of about 0 5-3 N peak force, applied orthogonally to the labial surface.2. The brisk taps elicited a short-latency inhibitory reflex that was often followed by an excitatory peak, as has been described earlier. The inhibition increased as the taps became stronger.3. Slow pushes evoked a long-latency, primarily excitatory response. The excitation increased with stronger, faster rise-time pushes; however, with the stronger stimuli, the short-latency inhibitory response often became evident before the onset of the excitation.4. The reflex responses to 3 N pushes and 2 N taps were abolished when the receptors around the tooth were blocked with local anaesthetic, indicating that the response was elicited from receptors located within the periodontal area.

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“…This inhibition could be seen at a force as low as 025 N but was more profound at higher forces. Dessem et al (1988) also found clear evidence for an inhibition when 1 N forces were applied to the teeth. It is not surprising that a more profound inhibition was observed with a larger applied force since it is likely that as the force is increased more of the mechanoreceptors with higher stimulus thresholds are recruited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…It has generally been thought that they have a significant role in controlling activity in the masticatory muscles. Dessem et al (1988) suggested that they could be expected to provide negative feedback control of forces exerted on the teeth during mastication and related tasks. However, the mechanical thresholds of periodontal mechanoreceptors are well documented and they range between 10 and 800 mN (for review see Linden, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of periodontal mechanoreceptors in evoking reflexes in the jaw‐closing muscles of the cat.

Bonte

Bellows

et al. 1993

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. In anaesthetized cats the left maxillary and mandibular canine and incisor teeth were extracted. Nine weeks later the animals were anaesthetized again and titanium implants were placed into the edentulous ridge of the maxilla and mandible.2. Terminal experiments were performed between 9 weeks and 10 months after inserting the implants. Recordings were made from the trigeminal ganglia and peripheral nerves of anaesthetized cats. Neurones were identified which responded to forces applied to the maxillary teeth but none was found which responded to forces applied to the implant.3. The responses of motor units in the temporalis muscle were studied in response to ramp-plateau forces applied to the maxillary canine tooth and maxillary implant using peristimulus time histograms and cumulative sum (cusum) analysis. A small amount of inhibition of the motor units was observed in response to the applied forces to the implant. However, the inhibition was much more profound when similar forces were applied to the tooth.4. The results confirm that when forces are applied to a tooth, periodontal mechanoreceptors are stimulated which evoke reflex inhibitions to motor units in the jaw-closing muscles. However, there is evidence that mechanoreceptors situated distant to the periodontium can also evoke such reflexes.5. The results are discussed in relation to the overall functional role of periodontal mechanoreceptors in the reflexes of mastication.

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The role of periodontal receptors in the jaw‐opening reflex in the cat.

Cited by 130 publications

References 29 publications

High‐Resolution Three‐Dimensional Computer Simulation of Hominid Cranial Mechanics

High‐Resolution Three‐Dimensional Computer Simulation of Hominid Cranial Mechanics

Mechanoreceptors around the tooth evoke inhibitory and excitatory reflexes in the human masseter muscle.

Role of periodontal mechanoreceptors in evoking reflexes in the jaw‐closing muscles of the cat.

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