The role of PET/CT imaging in penile cancer

Ottenhof, Sarah R.; Vegt, Erik

doi:10.21037/tau.2017.04.36

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…41 Limited molecular or imaging biomarkers have been evaluated or determined to be useful for early assessment of the benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and scarce data are available regarding the possible role of [ 18 F]-FDGePET for assessing interim response to neoadjuvant therapy. 52,53 Among the largest trials that have established the approach of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical treatment as the standard of care is a prospective singlecenter nonrandomized phase 2 clinical trial by Pagliaro et al 41 This study's objective was determining the response rate, time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS) of patients with bulky adenopathy who were receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the following combination: paclitaxel (175 mg/m 2 administered over 3 hours on day 1), ifosfamide (1200 mg/m 2 on days 1 to 3), and cisplatin (25 mg/m 2 on days 1 to 3 every 3 weeks) (TIP), with the goal of completing a total of 4 cycles before proceeding with consolidation surgical treatment. Thirty men received chemotherapy, and 23 patients (76.7%) completed the planned 4 courses of chemotherapy.…”

Section: Role Of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Advanced Penile Cancer

Chahoud

Kohli

Spiess

2021

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

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Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare cancer, with approximately 2000 new cases in the United States and 35,000 globally every year. Multiple risk factors are involved in PSCC, but most importantly, the high-risk human papillomavirus infection is thought to be present in approximately 50% of cases. Penile squamous cell carcinoma presents as localized or locally advanced disease. Multiple prognostic markers have been explored over the past 3 decades, but lymph node status remains the strongest predictor of clinical outcomes. Surgical decisions are based on the primary tumor pathologic findings, nodal clinical examination, and imaging results. Most patients with high-risk advanced PSCC benefit from a multimodal treatment approach combining chemotherapy with consolidation surgical treatment. The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with radiation therapy has not been well explored in PSCC. Prospective clinical studies, like the International Penile Advanced Cancer Trial, have been launched to provide high-level evidence for multimodal treatment. The International Penile Advanced Cancer Trial is the first randomized clinical trial among patients with PSCC and is currently accruing, with the expectation to generate results in 2023. Unfortunately, most patients with high-risk locally advanced PSCC will have relapsed or refractory cancer after cisplatinbased combination chemotherapy. These patients have dismal outcomes with salvage chemotherapy, highlighting the major unmet need to expand our knowledge of the disease's biology and develop clinical trials that use novel systemic agents. This narrative review synthesizes relevant publications retrieved from PubMed. Our aim is to discuss current approaches in the management of PSCC, summarize ongoing efforts to improve care, and identify future areas for enhancing our understanding of the disease.

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Section: Role Of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Advanced Penile Cancer

Chahoud

Kohli

Spiess

2021

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

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“…In a limited study with seven men (stage T1b-T2), this detection method showed sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 97%, positive predictive value of 81.2%, and negative predictive value of 100% (15,16). This provides promise as PET/CT is only 57% accurate in predicting ILNM in patients with normal groin exams compared to 96% in patients with palpable nodes (17). Conventional imaging modalities rely on size criteria (>8-10mm) to diagnose ILNM.…”

Section: Clinical/pathological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic predictors of lymph node metastasis in penile cancer: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Purpose: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis is a rare disease in developed countries but is associated with signifi cant morbidity and mortality. A crucial prognostic factor is the presence of inguinal lymph node metastases (ILNM) at the time of diagnosis. At least 25% of cases have micrometastases at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, we performed a literature review of studies evaluating factors, both clinical and pathological, predictive of lymph node metastases in penile SCC. Materials and methods: Studies were identifi ed using PubMed and search terms included the following: penile cancer, penile tumor, penile neoplasm, penile squamous cell carcinoma, inguinal lymph node metastasis, lymph node metastases, nodal metastasis, inguinal node metastasis, inguinal lymph node involvement, predictors, and predictive factor. The number of patients and predictive factors were identifi ed for each study based on OR, HR, or RR in multivariate analyses, as well as their respective signifi cance values. These were compiled to generate a single body of evidence supportive of factors predictive of ILNM in penile SCC. Results: We identifi ed 31 studies, both original articles and meta-analyses, which identifi ed factors predictive of metastases in penile SCC. The following clinical factors were predictive of ILNM in penile SCC: lymphovascular invasion (LVI), increased grade, increased stage (both clinical and pathological), infi ltrative and reticular invasion, increased depth of invasion, perineural invasion, and younger patient age at diagnosis. Biochemically, overexpression of p53, SOD2, Ki-67, and ID1 were associated with spread of SCC to inguinal lymph nodes. Diffuse PD-L1 expression, increased SCC-Ag expression, increased NLR, and CRP >20 were also associated with increased ILNM. Conclusions: A multitude of factors are associated with metastasis of SCC of the penis to inguinal lymph nodes, which is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The above factors, most strongly LVI, grade, and node positivity, may be considered when constructing a nomogram to risk-stratify patients and determine eligibility for prophylactic inguinal lymphadenectomy.

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“…The carcinoma penis is one of the predisposing factors caused by HPV (human papilloma virus) [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Viral Infections In Abdomenmentioning

confidence: 99%

PET-CT in Viral Infections

Shaikh

2020

PET-CT in Infection and Inflammation

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PET-CT in Viral Infections Key Points Viral infections are an important clinical entity with varied clinical symptoms and significant overlap with bacterial symptoms. However, some viral conditions have nonspecific symptoms which can be severe enough to cause septicemia. Viral infections involve all the age groups with common symptoms like fever, common cold, GI symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, neurological symptoms like headache, confusion, irritation, loss of consciousness. The specific pathological entity has to be defined and differentiated.

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The role of PET/CT imaging in penile cancer

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

Management of Advanced Penile Cancer

Management of Advanced Penile Cancer

Prognostic predictors of lymph node metastasis in penile cancer: a systematic review

PET-CT in Viral Infections

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