The role of phenols in the influence of herbal extracts from Salvia officinalis L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. on two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch

Abstract

Extracts prepared from 2 medicinal herbs (common sage Salvia officinalis L. and German chamomile Matricaria chamomilla L.) were used in this study for biological control of spider mites. Their effect on mortality, fecundity, and development of Tetranychus urticae Koch on English ivy (Hedera helix L.) was studied under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The extracts were prepared by soaking fresh Salvia leaves or dry Matricaria flowers in ethanol for 24 h, followed by evaporation, and finally suspension of the pellets in water. Full extracts and extracts without phenols were tested. The Salvia extracts had a higher acaricidal activity than Matricaria extracts, but the toxicity of both extracts to spider mite eggs was low. The toxic effect of full Salvia extracts on larval stages and females of T. urticae was evident. More than 50% of larvae and females were killed by this treatment in 4 days. Besides, total fecundity of survived females was evidently lower. Mortality and low fecundity after full Salvia extract application decreased the spider mite population by 76%.The toxicity of Salvia extracts after removal of phenols strongly declined, so the negative effect of the full Salvia extract on spider mites was connected with a high concentration of phenolic compounds. The toxic effect of Matricaria extracts in all tests was much lower and no evident role of phenolic compounds in its extracts was observed.

Effects of Olive Mill Wastewater on Soil Microarthropods and Soil Chemistry in Two Different Cultivation Scenarios in Israel and Palestinian Territories

“…They are toxic towards spider mites which live on the undersides of leafs and plants [70] and they are reported to cause toxicity towards soil fauna in general [18]. This is further underlined by the fact that phenolic compounds can serve as defense substances of plants against herbivore attack [71].…”

Acaricidal Activity and Chemical Characterization of Helichrysum bracteatum and Salvia officinalis Leaf Extracts Against Tetranychus urticae and Its Predator, Stethorus gilvifrons (Coccinellidae)

“…Regarding SoLEEtOH70% , our results was in agreements with Mohamed et al (2015) who found that the ethyel acetate of S. officinalis extract reduced the total number of T. urticae eggs. Similarly, Tomczyk and Suszko (2011) found that the ethanolic leaf extract of S. officinalis diminished T. urticae female's fecundity.…”

“…This also was in accordance with Waked (2016) who recorded 35% of egg mortality when treated with both the methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of S. officinalis (20%). In contradiction, Tomczyk and Suszko (2011) recorded the low ovicidal effect of the ethanolic leaf extract of S. officinalis against T. urticae eggs.…”

“…In addition to phytol, squalene, a tripenoid hydrocarbon, the neophytadiene was also detected possessing strong bactericidal, antifungal and antimicrobial activities (Venkata et al, 2012). Hence, the extracts toxicity and repellency were possibly associated with the presence of diterpene, triterpene, and phenolic compounds (Tomczyk and Suszko, 2011). The observed acaricidal characteristics were mostly attributed to the synergetic effect of multiple major and minor compounds present at various concentrations.…”

Toxic and repellent effects of Prunus laurocerasus L. (Rosaceae) extracts against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

“…(Asclepiadecae), Nerium oleander L. (Apocynacae) (Islam et al, 2008), were reported as botanical acaricides (Derbalah et al, 2013). They contain secondary metabolites known from their repellent, antifeedant, ovicidal and killing action against arthropod pests (Smith, 1989;Tomczyk & Suszko, 2011).…”