The Role of Phenotypic Plasticity in Marine Biological Invasions

Smith, L. David

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79236-9_10

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Simple correlations (not based on experimental data) or mere expert judgement are insufficient to discriminate between the effect of an alien species and the cumulative effects of all the other human stressors or natural variability. The decline of natives within a community and the dominance of aliens may be a consequence of, rather than the driving force behind, ecosystem disturbance (Chabrerie et al ., ), as some alien species can better tolerate disturbance due to their generalist ecology and phenotypic plasticity (Smith, ; Goodenough, ). There is a tendency by many marine ecologists to exaggerate about the possible impacts of alien species, being prejudiced by a ‘native good, alien bad’ perception (Goodenough, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the impact of alien species on marine ecosystems: the Mediterranean Sea case study

Katsanevakis

Tempera

Teixeira

2016

Diversity and Distributions

136

104

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Aim To develop a standardized, quantitative method for mapping cumulative impacts of invasive alien species on marine ecosystems.Location The methodology is applied in the Mediterranean Sea but is widely applicable.Methods A conservative additive model was developed to account for the Cumulative IMPacts of invasive ALien species (CIMPAL) on marine ecosystems. According to this model, cumulative impact scores are estimated on the basis of the distributions of invasive species and ecosystems, and both the reported magnitude of ecological impacts and the strength of such evidence. In the Mediterranean Sea case study, the magnitude of impact was estimated for every combination of 60 invasive species and 13 habitats, for every 10 9 10 km cell of the basin. Invasive species were ranked based on their contribution to the cumulative impact score across the Mediterranean.Results The CIMPAL index showed strong spatial heterogeneity. Spatial patterns varied depending on the pathway of initial introduction of the invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea. Species introduced by shipping gave the highest impact scores and impacted a much larger area than those introduced by aquaculture and the Suez Canal. Overall, invasive macroalgae had the highest impact among all taxonomic groups. These results represent the current best estimate of the spatial variation in impacts of invasive alien species on ecosystems, in the Mediterranean Sea.Main Conclusions A framework for mapping cumulative impacts of invasive alien species was developed. The application of this framework in the Mediterranean Sea provided a baseline that can be built upon with future improved information. Such analysis allows the identification of hotspots of highly impacted areas, and prioritization of sites, pathways and species for management actions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the impact of alien species on marine ecosystems: the Mediterranean Sea case study

Katsanevakis

Tempera

Teixeira

2016

Diversity and Distributions

136

104

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“…Overall, the grazing loss of C. raciborskii appears to be driven by the interplay of morphology and toxicity, which are both very flexible traits (Burford et al., ; Neilan, Saker, Fastner, Törökné, & Burns, ; Rangel et al., ; Vidal & Kruk, ). From a population point of view, flexible traits and intraspecific trait variations are regarded as key factors for invasion success (Engel, Tollrian, & Jeschke, ; Smith, ). Only recently, trait variations among isolates were studied among an Australian C. raciborskii population (Willis, Chuang, Woodhouse, Neilan, & Burford, ), considered as native rather than invasive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High local trait variability in a globally invasive cyanobacterium

2017

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During the last couple of decades, invasive species have become a worldwide problem in many freshwater systems. Besides higher plants and animals, microbes, in particular the potentially toxic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, has attracted increasing attention, due to its spread towards temperate zones of the northern and southern hemisphere. A number of advantageous functional traits and a high intraspecific plasticity have been suggested to explain its invasion success. The aim of this study was to examine intraspecific functional trait variability in 12 different isolates of C. raciborskii originating from different lakes in an invaded region in Northeast Germany. We measured growth rate, C:N:P ratios, chlorophyll‐a content and the abundance of heterocysts under nutrient‐replete and phosphorus‐limited conditions. Moreover, the isolate‐specific morphology and grazing losses by an herbivorous rotifer, as a top‐down force, were studied. DNA fingerprinting revealed that all isolates were genetically different. C. raciborskii exhibited a large variability in all measured traits among isolates. The C:P, N:P and Chl‐a:C ratios differed by a factor of two or more. The trait variability among isolates was higher under nutrient‐replete conditions, except for the C:P ratio, which varied most during phosphorus limitation. The susceptibility to grazing, calculated as maximum ingestion rates of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus on C. raciborskii, varied most among isolates, but was not related to any of the measured physiological or morphological traits, i.e. no trade‐off was found. Ecological and genetic clustering did not match, indicating that the genetic relationship based on DNA fingerprinting did not cover ecological differences. Our results show a high trait variability within locally occurring and partly co‐occurring C. raciborskii isolates. No overall trade‐offs between the measured functional traits were found. This demonstrates the ecological relevance of linking multiple traits, e.g. competitive and consumptive. Furthermore, this study emphasises the importance of analysing more than one strain of a species, as different strains show different trait values potentially relevant for their invasibility and the field of general trait‐based ecology.

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“…Widespread invasive species often are successful across a range of habitat temperatures and thus offer a special opportunity for analysis of differences in acclimatization potential and genetic variation due to thermal selection (Chown et al, 2007;Sorte et al, 2010b;Lockwood and Somero, 2011). An ability to acclimatize to new conditions has long been suggested as an important factor in determining invasion success (Yeh and Price, 2004;Smith, 2009;Nyamukondiwa et al, 2010). Additionally, invasive species, Master of all trades: thermal acclimation and adaptation of cardiac function in a broadly distributed marine invasive species, the European green crab, Carcinus maenas Carolyn K. Tepolt* and George N. Somero especially those with short generation times and high levels of genetic variation, may have the ability to adapt rapidly to their new environments, as has been shown for Drosophila subobscura across multiple thermal clines in its non-native range (Balanyá et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Master of all trades: thermal acclimation and adaptation of cardiac function in a broadly distributed marine invasive species, the European green crab,Carcinus maenas

Tepolt

Somero

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

129

126

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As global warming accelerates, there is increasing concern about how ecosystems may change as a result of species loss and replacement. Here, we examined the thermal physiology of the European green crab (Carcinus maenas Linnaeus 1758), a globally invasive species, along three parallel thermal gradients in its native and invasive ranges. At each site, we assessed cardiac physiology to determine heat and cold tolerance and acclimatory plasticity. We found that, overall, the species is highly tolerant of both heat and cold, and that it survives higher temperatures than co-occurring native marine crustaceans. Further, we found that both heat and cold tolerance are plastic in response to short-term acclimation (18-31 days at either 5 or 25°C). Comparing patterns within ranges, we found latitudinal gradients in thermal tolerance in the native European range and in the invasive range in eastern North America. This pattern is strongest in the native range, and likely evolved there. Because of a complicated invasion history, the latitudinal pattern in the eastern North American invasive range may be due either to rapid adaptation post-invasion or to adaptive differences between the ancestral populations that founded the invasion. Overall, the broad thermal tolerance ranges of green crabs, which may facilitate invasion of novel habitats, derive from high inherent eurythermality and acclimatory plasticity and potentially adaptive differentiation among populations. The highly flexible physiology that results from these capacities may represent the hallmark of a successful invasive species, and may provide a model for success in a changing world. KEY WORDS: Acclimatory plasticity, Cardiac physiology, Local adaptation, Species invasion, Thermal tolerance INTRODUCTIONEnvironmental temperature exerts a pervasive influence on the physiology of ectothermic animals, from the level of molecular processes to that of broad-scale biogeographic patterning (Hochachka and Somero, 2002). As global temperatures rise, there is increasing concern about the ability of ectothermic animals to survive in their warming environments, and considerable effort is being expended to identify the physiological traits that may be of greatest importance in adapting to rising temperatures and to learn how these traits differ among species (Somero, 2010).One aspect of success in a changed thermal environment comprises a combination of broad intrinsic tolerance of acute changes in temperature and a high capacity for acclimatization (phenotypic 'plasticity') during extended exposure to a new thermal regime (Simons, 2011;Healy and Schulte, 2012). These two abilities may largely govern how eurythermal an ectothermic species is, and thus help determine its chances for success in a warming world, particularly over short time scales. RESEARCH ARTICLEStanfordBecause maintenance of broad thermal tolerance may be metabolically costly and, indeed, unnecessary for animals inhabiting narrow thermal niches, ectothermic species range from extreme eurytherms to na...

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The Role of Phenotypic Plasticity in Marine Biological Invasions

Cited by 31 publications

References 139 publications

Mapping the impact of alien species on marine ecosystems: the Mediterranean Sea case study

Mapping the impact of alien species on marine ecosystems: the Mediterranean Sea case study

High local trait variability in a globally invasive cyanobacterium

Master of all trades: thermal acclimation and adaptation of cardiac function in a broadly distributed marine invasive species, the European green crab,Carcinus maenas

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