“…Another phonological attribute that affects performance is phonological neighbourhood size such that words with more phonological neighbours tend to be better recalled than words with fewer neighbours (Roodenrys, Lethbridge, Hinton, Nimmo, & Hulme, 2002; see also Vitevitch, Chan, & Roodenrys, 2012); a plausible explanation is that such words receive "supportive activation" from more neighbouring words in long-term memory (Roodenrys et al, 2002). While phonological factors play a central role in serial recall performance, item-level semantic attributes also influence recall with concrete words better recalled than abstract words (Miller & Roodenrys, 2009;Nation, Adams, Bowyer-Crane, & Snowling, 1999;Walker & Hulme, 1999; see also Pham and Archibald, 2021). Walker and Hulme (1999) argued that concrete words have stronger semantic representations, thereby facilitating the ease with which they are recalled.…”