The Role of Phytochemicals and Gut Microbiome in Atherosclerosis in Preclinical Mouse Models

Centner, Ann; Khalili, Leila; Ukhanov, Vladimir; Kadyan, Saurabh; Nagpal, Ravinder; Salazar, Gloria

doi:10.3390/nu15051212

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…However, studies in mice examining diet-induced obesity have shown an association between weight gain and increased abundance of Rikenella , a genus in the family Rikenellaceae . The same studies demonstrated that Rikenella was positively associated with levels of TG and LDL, plasma and aortic mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, atherosclerotic lesion in the aortic area, and macrophage infiltration within the lesions ( 26 – 28 ). These latter findings are consistent with the positive association of Rikenellaceae with markers of inflammation in IF5 including VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCP-1 found by this study, indicating that this taxon might be associated with enhanced migration and adhesion of innate (and other) immune cells to the site of inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Association of intestinal bacteria with immune activation in a cohort of healthy adults

Riazati,

Kable,

Stephensen

2023

Microbiol Spectr

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Interactions among intestinal bacteria and the immune system contribute to the maintenance of a functional intestinal barrier in healthy individuals, and possibly to systemic immune activity. We hypothesized that intestinal bacteria would be associated with systemic biomarkers of innate and adaptive immune responses in healthy adults. 79 immune function markers were subjected to factor analysis resulting in 17 Immune Factors (IFs), each composed of 2–10 immune variables. Bacterial taxa from stool samples were identified at the family and genus levels by 16S rRNA amplicon sequence analysis and their read counts and relative abundances were utilized in a multiple linear regression model to identify microbial taxa associated with the IFs. A total of 10 significant associations were identified between bacterial taxa and IFs. The family Rikenellaceae showed a positive association with innate IF5 (including 5 chemokines, 2 cytokines, 2 adhesion molecules, and the macrophage metabolite neopterin) and a negative association with adaptive IF4 (including T-cells with activation marker HLA-DR). Additionally, Pseudomonadaceae and its genus Pseudomonas showed a negative relationship with innate IF5, and adaptive IF13 (including T-cell cytokines IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ) was negatively associated with Butyrivibrio and positively associated with Slackia . These associations suggest ongoing interactions between gut bacteria and the systemic immune system in healthy adults. The association of these taxa with the IFs may result from specific microbial-immune system interactions that play a role in maintenance of a healthy barrier integrity in our cohort of healthy adults. IMPORTANCE Chronic inflammation may develop over time in healthy adults as a result of a variety of factors, such as poor diet directly affecting the composition of the intestinal microbiome, or by causing obesity, which may also affect the intestinal microbiome. These effects may trigger the activation of an immune response that could eventually lead to an inflammation-related disease, such as colon cancer. Before disease develops it may be possible to identify subclinical inflammation or immune activation attributable to specific intestinal bacteria normally found in the gut that could result in future adverse health impacts. In the present study, we examined a group of healthy men and women across a wide age range with and without obesity to determine which bacteria were associated with particular types of immune activation to identify potential preclinical markers of inflammatory disease risk. Several associations were found that may help develop dietary interventions to lower disease risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Association of intestinal bacteria with immune activation in a cohort of healthy adults

Riazati,

Kable,

Stephensen

2023

Microbiol Spectr

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“…We will briefly discuss the association between trimethylamine N-Oxide and CVD, and focus on other microbial metabolites in this review as illustrated in Figure 5 (156).…”

Section: Role Of Microbial Derived Metabolites and Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the intestinal microbiome and its therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disorder

Luqman,

Hassan,

Ullah

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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The gut microbiome is a heterogeneous population of microbes comprising viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Such a microbiome is essential for sustaining host equilibrium, and its impact on human health can be altered by a variety of factors such as external variables, social behavior, age, nutrition, and genetics. Gut microbes’ imbalances are related to a variety of chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, and digestive disorders. Globally, recent findings show that intestinal microbes have a significant role in the formation of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is still the primary cause of fatalities. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, and some inherited variables are all cardiovascular risk variables. However, studies found correlations between metabolism, intestinal flora, and dietary intake. Variations in the diversity of gut microbes and changes in their activity are thought to influence CVD etiology. Furthermore, the gut microbiota acts as an endocrine organ, producing bioactive metabolites such as TMA (trimethylamine)/TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide), SCFA (short-chain fatty acids), and bile acids, which have a substantial impact on host wellness and disease by multiple mechanisms. The purpose of this overview is to compile current evidence highlighting the intricate links between gut microbiota, metabolites, and the development of CVD. It focuses on how intestinal dysbiosis promotes CVD risk factors such as heart failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. This review explores the normal physiology of intestinal microbes and potential techniques for targeting gut bacteria for CVD treatment using various microbial metabolites. It also examines the significance of gut bacteria in disease treatment, including supplements, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotic therapies, and fecal transplantation, which is an innovative approach to the management of CVD. As a result, gut bacteria and metabolic pathways become increasingly attractive as potential targets for CVD intervention.

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“…Apart from the Mediterranean diet, probiotics, prebiotics, and their combination synbiotics might play a unique role in this context. The administration of probiotics, especially next-generation probiotics (NGP), such as Akkermansia muciniphila , has already been suggested to offer beneficial effects [ 73 – 75 ]. In particular, Akkermansia muciniphila has been documented to decrease the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm, when administered in a mouse model.…”

Section: The Role Of Dietary Choline In Cardiometabolic Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay Between Dietary Choline and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Review of Current Evidence

Vallianou,

Kounatidis,

Psallida

et al. 2024

Curr Nutr Rep

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Purpose of Review Choline is an essential nutrient for human health and cellular homeostasis as it is necessary for the synthesis of lipid cell membranes, lipoproteins, and the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The aim of this review is to analyze the beneficial effects of choline and its significance in cellular metabolism and various inflammatory pathways, such as the inflammasome. We will discuss the significance of dietary choline in cardiometabolic disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) as well as in cognitive function and associated neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent Findings Choline deficiency has been related to the development of NAFLD and cognitive disability in the offspring as well as in adulthood. In sharp contrast, excess dietary intake of choline mediated via the increased production of trimethylamine by the gut microbiota and increased trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels has been related to atherosclerosis in most studies. In this context, CVD and CKD through the accumulation of TMAO, p-Cresyl-sulfate (pCS), and indoxyl-sulfate (IS) in serum may be the result of the interplay between excess dietary choline, the increased production of TMAO by the gut microbiota, and the resulting activation of inflammatory responses and fibrosis. Summary A balanced diet, with no excess nor any deficiency in dietary choline, is of outmost importance regarding the prevention of cardiometabolic disorders as well as cognitive function. Large-scale studies with the use of next-generation probiotics, especially Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, should further examine their therapeutic potential in this context.

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The Role of Phytochemicals and Gut Microbiome in Atherosclerosis in Preclinical Mouse Models

Cited by 11 publications

References 142 publications

Association of intestinal bacteria with immune activation in a cohort of healthy adults

Association of intestinal bacteria with immune activation in a cohort of healthy adults

Role of the intestinal microbiome and its therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disorder

The Interplay Between Dietary Choline and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Review of Current Evidence

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