The role of phytolith formation and dissolution in controlling concentrations of silica in soil solutions and streams

Farmer, V. C.; Delbos, Evelyne; Miller, J. David

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.11.014

Cited by 140 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Recently established forests in Flanders often consist of conifers (pine). Acid soil conditions found in coniferous forests could increase DSi fluxes through increased weathering, but also decrease DSi fluxes from reduced ASi dissolution under acid conditions 19 . Previous studies in forested ecosystems have shown that soil ASi stocks are lower in coniferous forests compared with deciduous forests 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Historical land use change has lowered terrestrial silica mobilization

et al. 2010

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Continental export of si to the coastal zone is closely linked to the ocean carbon sink and to the dynamics of phytoplankton blooms in coastal ecosystems. Presently, however, the impact of human cultivation of the landscape on terrestrial si fluxes remains unquantified and is not incorporated in models for terrestrial si mobilization. In this paper, we show that land use is the most important controlling factor of si mobilization in temperate European watersheds, with sustained cultivation ( > 250 years) of formerly forested areas leading to a twofold to threefold decrease in baseflow delivery of si. This is a breakthrough in our understanding of the biogeochemical si cycle: it shows that human cultivation of the landscape should be recognized as an important controlling factor of terrestrial si fluxes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The major part of the weathered DSi passes through biomass before it is eventually released into rivers 5 . The eventual export fluxes of Si from the climax forest soils are controlled by the dissolution of soil phytoliths 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical land use change has lowered terrestrial silica mobilization

et al. 2010

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“…The chemical weathering of silicate minerals is the primary source of Si in the environment (Oliva et al, 2003;White and Blum, 1995) but biogenic silica (BSi = phytoliths + diatoms fossils) may be the principal immediate source of Si in soil solution (Farmer et al, 2005). Si is not conservative during weathering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants play a major role in the recycling of soluble silica. Vegetation produces phytoliths, which return Si to soil with litter (Bartoli and Wilding, 1980;Conley, 2002;Farmer, 2005). Soils may have several percent of phytoliths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interstitial water of lake sediment is enriched with dissolved Si that diffuses back into water (House et al, 2000;Rickert et al, 2002), increasing Si in the water column in the lake. In streams and lakes, dissolved Si originates considerably from the dissolution of biogenic silica (Farmer et al, 2005). Determination of Ge/Si ratios (Derry et al, 2005) enables determination of the relative contribution of two main sources of Si (BSi and nonbiogenic (soil minerals)) to Si cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing silicon concentrations in Bohemian Forest lakes

Veselý

Majer

Kopáček³

et al. 2005

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Long-term trends of dissolved silicon (Si) concentrations in five glacial lakes in the Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic, recovering from acidification show higher mobility of Si from the soil to surface waters despite lower atmospheric deposition of acids. Si increased by 0.95 to 1.95 µmol yr 1 (36 to 51%) from 19862004 and with increasing pH. A change in soil solution conditions because of a sharp decrease in acidic deposition has led to marked decline in Al mobility and to considerable decreases in dissolved Al, especially Al 3+ . The increase in Si may be related to: (1) unblocking of the inhibitory effect of dissolved Al on weathering of aluminosilicates, (2) biogenic opal (phytoliths) dissolving faster, and/or (3) lower Si precipitation as secondary aluminosilicates in soil. The change in Al speciation on the dissolution rate of biogenic silica is critical. A lack of change in Si at sites outside central Europe may be explained by small or no decline in mobility of dissolved Al. The effect of a long-term increase in temperature was probably minor.

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The Origin and Formation of Clay Minerals in Alpine Soils

Egli

Mirabella²

2021

Geophysical Monograph Series

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Clay minerals are among the most chemically active components and are a bridge between the inorganic and organic parts of a soil. The clay minerals influence pedogenetic processes by interacting with cations and inorganic and organic compounds, influencing the nutrition of the plants and the structure of the soils. Clay minerals are phyllosilicates and can in soils be either inherited from the parent material, neoformed, or transformed from precursor minerals. Relatively shortly after exposure of the parent material to atmospheric conditions, important mineral transformation reactions can occur, even in cold alpine climates. In alpine environments, the soil system reacts in a particularly sensitive way at the beginning of soil formation, i.e. during the first c. 3000 years. With time, the formation and transformation rates, and thus changes, decelerate. Smectitic components, and therefore 2:1 mineral structures, are the weathering steady-state products. Although weathering conditions are particularly intense close to the timberline and on pole-facing sites, 2:1 minerals strongly prevail over kaolinite or gibbsite, which are most often encountered as a weathering steady-state product in tropical regions. Smectitic components enrich under conditions of high percolation rates, cool climates (close to the treeline), high amounts of organic ligands, low erosion, stable conditions, and thus low soil production rates. Smectite formation therefore relates not only to the paradigms of the percolation theory, but the type and presence of vegetation and the production of organic ligands are additional driving factors.

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The role of phytolith formation and dissolution in controlling concentrations of silica in soil solutions and streams

Cited by 140 publications

References 24 publications

Historical land use change has lowered terrestrial silica mobilization

Historical land use change has lowered terrestrial silica mobilization

Increasing silicon concentrations in Bohemian Forest lakes

The Origin and Formation of Clay Minerals in Alpine Soils

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