The Role of Piper sarmentosum Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study

Asri, Siti Fadziyah Mohamad; Soelaiman, Ima Nirwana; Moklas, Mohamad Aris Mohd; Nor, Nurul Huda Mohd; Zainal, Nurul Hayati Mohamad; Ramli, Elvy Suhana Mohd

doi:10.3390/ijms21207715

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Ps had a high phenolic content in both aqueous and boiled aqueous extractions [4]. Our previous study showed that Ps aqueous extract assist in osteoporotic fracture healing [12], strengthen the bone biomechanical properties [14], increased the osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene expression that modulate the RANKL-OPG pathway of bone remodelling [16] and improved the histomorphometry parameters [25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Piper sarmentosum Aqueous Extract on the Expression of Osteocalcin in Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporotic Rats

Mohd Ramli,

Soelaiman,

Mohd Thani

et al. 2023

MJMHS

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Secondary osteoporosis is mainly caused by prolong used of glucocorticoid treatment. The Piper sarmentosum leaf aqueous extract was found to exhibit bone formatting osteocalcin activity against Dexamethasone induced osteoporotic rats. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into four groups - G1: Sham-operated control group given intramuscular (IM) olive oil as vehicle and normal saline orally as vehicle; G2: Adrenalectomized (Adrx) control group given IM dexamethasone (DEX) (120 μg/kg/day) and normal saline orally as vehicle; G3: Adrx group given IM DEX (120 μg/kg/day) and aqueous extract of Piper sarmentosum leaves (125 mg/kg/day) orally; and G4: Adrx group given IM DEX (120 μg/kg/day) and glycyrrhizic acid (GCA) (120 mg/kg/day) orally. Immunohistochemical method with gold labelling was used to label the osteocalcin protein. Silver brightener was used, sprinkled on gold with a size of 5 nm so that the resulting image can be seen more clearly using a light microscope. The osteocalcin protein was measured quantitatively based on nomenclature report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Committee (American Society for Bone Mineral Research). The activity shown by immunohisto-gold expression and localization of osteocalcin was comparable with the reference, glycyrrhizic acid, a potent inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme in RANKL-OPG pathway. As a conclusion, Piper sarmentosum may one day be utilized as an alternate treatment for individuals receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy to prevent osteoporosis, therefore osteoporotic fractures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Piper sarmentosum Aqueous Extract on the Expression of Osteocalcin in Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporotic Rats

Mohd Ramli,

Soelaiman,

Mohd Thani

et al. 2023

MJMHS

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“…Finally, in order to further confirm the results of the network pharmacology analysis, experimental verification was carried out using a postmenopausal osteoporotic mouse model. The structural and static histomorphometry parameters measure the microstructure and cellular components of the trabecular bone, respectively [ 55 ]. Micro-CT and H&E staining revealed that the trabecular bone levels of the distal femur of mice increased after gavage with velvet antler.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology to Analyze the Mechanism of Action of Velvet Antler in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Guo

Wang

Luo

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Deer velvet antlers are the young horns of male deer that are not ossified and densely overgrown. Velvet antler and its preparations have been widely used in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) in recent years, although its mechanism of action in the human body remains unclear. To screen the effective ingredients and targets of velvet antler in the treatment of PMOP using network pharmacology and to explore the potential mechanisms of velvet antler action in such treatments, we screened the active ingredients and targets of velvet antler in the BATMAN-TCM database. We also screened the relevant targets of PMOP in the GeneCards and OMIM databases and then compared the targets at the intersection of both velvet antler and PMOP. We used Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct a network diagram of “disease-drug-components-targets” and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network through the STRING database and screened out the core targets; the R language was then used to analyze the shared targets between antler and PMOP for GO-enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway-annotation analysis. Furthermore, we used the professional software Maestro 11.1 to verify the predictive analysis based on network pharmacology. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and micro-CT were used to observe the changes in trabecular bone tissue, further confirming the results of network pharmacological analysis. The potentially effective components of velvet antler principally include 17β-E2, adenosine triphosphate, and oestrone. These components act on key target genes such as AKT1, IL6, MAPK3, TP53, EGFR, SRC, and TNF and regulate the PI3K/Akt-signaling and MAPK-signaling pathways. These molecules participate in a series of processes such as cellular differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism, and inflammation and can ultimately be used to treat PMOP; they reflect the overall regulation, network regulation, and protein interactions.

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“…The high content of compounds in P. sarmentosum enables it to possess numerous properties such as antibacterial, antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic and antimalarial properties and tissue regeneration of embryos and caudal fins [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Previous in vivo studies have shown that P. sarmentosum extracts exhibited the ability to act as a bone protective agent by restoring the microstructure and bone mass in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and in ovariectomized and adrenalectomized rats [ 9 , 10 ]. These health benefits are attributed to the synergistic effect of compounds abundantly found in the raw plant extract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteogenic Potential and Bioactive Profiles of Piper sarmentosum Ethanolic Extract-Treated Stem Cells

et al. 2023

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Piper sarmentosum is a well-known traditional herbal plant in various diseases treatments. Multiple scientific studies have also reported various biological activities exhibited by the plant’s extract, such as antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic and antihyperglycemic activities, and, in addition, a bone protective effect in ovariectomized rats has been reported. However, no known Piper sarmentosum extract is involved in osteoblast differentiation using stem cells. Our study aims to identify the potential of P. sarmentosum ethanolic extract to induce osteoblast differentiation of human peripheral blood stem cells. Prior to the assay, the proliferation ability of the cells was observed for 14 days and the presence of hematopoietic stem cells in the culture was determined by the expression of SLAMF1 and CD34 genes. During the differentiation assay, the cells were treated with P. sarmentosum ethanolic extract for 14 days. Osteoblast differentiation was examined using an (alkaline phosphatase) ALP assay, by monitoring the expression of osteogenic gene markers and by von Kossa staining. The untreated cells served as the negative control, while cells treated with 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate acted as the positive control. Finally, the determination of the compound profile was performed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The isolated cells were able to proliferate for 14 days during the proliferation assay. The expression of hematopoietic stem cell markers was also upregulated during the 14 days assay. Following the differentiation induction, the ALP activity exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05) from day 3 of the differentiation assay. A molecular analysis also showed that the osteogenic markers ALP, RUNX2, OPN and OCN were upregulated compared to the positive control. The presence of mineralized cells with a brownish-stained morphology was observed, indicating the mineralization process increased in a time-dependent manner regardless of the concentration used. There were 54 compounds observed in the GC-MS analysis, including β-asarones, carvacrol and phytol, which have been shown to possess osteoinductive capacities. Our results demonstrate that the ethanolic extract of P. sarmentosum can induce osteoblast differentiation of peripheral blood stem cells. The extract contains potent compounds which can potentially induce the differentiation of bone cells, i.e., osteoblasts.

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The Role of Piper sarmentosum Aqueous Extract as a Bone Protective Agent, a Histomorphometric Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 62 publications

Influence of Piper sarmentosum Aqueous Extract on the Expression of Osteocalcin in Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporotic Rats

Influence of Piper sarmentosum Aqueous Extract on the Expression of Osteocalcin in Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporotic Rats

Use of Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology to Analyze the Mechanism of Action of Velvet Antler in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Osteogenic Potential and Bioactive Profiles of Piper sarmentosum Ethanolic Extract-Treated Stem Cells

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