The role of place attachment in recreation experience and outcome preferences among forest bathers

WITHDRAWN: Planning Forest Recreation Services for Urban Dwellers With a Multi- Criteria Approach (a Case of Türkiye)

“…In this study, a multi-criteria analysis is presented to bring a new approach to the process of regulation and planning of the forest-human relationship, de ning the need of people for forest recreation services with various criteria related to human communities. Building on studies into the positive contributions of the recreation service of forests to human health in recent years (Kil et al, 2021;Norman et al, 2010;Stoltz et al, 2016) and on the increasing demand for outdoor recreation since the Covid-19 pandemic (Bamwesigye et al, 2021;Ferguson et al, 2022;Pichlerová) et al, 2021), this study was carried out on the regulation and planning of the public use of forest recreation services in Türkiye. As a result of the analysis carried out on the selected basic criteria regarding the ecological, economic, and social situation of Türkiye, the planning of recreational areas in the forests of the provinces of Türkiye is divided into three categories in terms of their bene ts.…”

Psychological and Physiological Health Benefits of a Structured Forest Therapy Program for Children and Adolescents with Mental Health Disorders

“…For example, our participants are more likely to depend on natural environments for recreational goals that may have been achieved by their engagement in the structured program in natural settings, as shown by Kil et al [46] that found a significant association between attainment of recreation experiences sought and emotional attachment to natural settings. Our results support previous similar findings with different types of users, such as forest bathers [16], forest visitors [17,47], trail hikers [48], and park visitors [49]. For instance, Kil et al [16] confirmed that forest therapy participants with higher levels of attachment to natural environments preferred higher levels of on-site recreation experiences, such as nature enjoyment, physical and mental health, group bonding, and solitude.…”

“…Our results support previous similar findings with different types of users, such as forest bathers [16], forest visitors [17,47], trail hikers [48], and park visitors [49]. For instance, Kil et al [16] confirmed that forest therapy participants with higher levels of attachment to natural environments preferred higher levels of on-site recreation experiences, such as nature enjoyment, physical and mental health, group bonding, and solitude.…”

“…Such multiple meanings instilling a sense of wellbeing can be developed either when specific goals or needs are met during an individual's connection with the natural environments or when more ongoing transactional interaction between people and natural environments occurs [15]. Forest therapy participants expressing higher levels of place meanings tended to seek various on-site psychological benefits, such as nature enjoyment and mental health by directly engaging in water-based immersion and mindful walking activities in forested environments [16]. Also, the forest therapy participants continued to prefer improved mental health conditions after the nature immersion experiences [16].…”

“…Forest therapy participants expressing higher levels of place meanings tended to seek various on-site psychological benefits, such as nature enjoyment and mental health by directly engaging in water-based immersion and mindful walking activities in forested environments [16]. Also, the forest therapy participants continued to prefer improved mental health conditions after the nature immersion experiences [16]. Similarly, forest visitors with higher levels of place meanings had higher inclinations for the on-site benefits and were more likely to achieve the benefits [17].…”