The Role of Plasma Interleukin-6 Levels on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Mortality Risk Scores in Javanese Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been identified as an important pro-inflammatory factor involved in mediating the severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study sought to determine the effect of plasma IL-6 levels on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and cardiovascular mortality risk scores in Javanese CKD patients. We also analyzed the frequency of IL-6 G174C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the population. This study was a cross-sectional study involving seventy-three patients of Javanese ethnic origin with stable chronic kidney disease. We assessed the ASCVD risk score, cardiovascular mortality score, genotyping of IL-6 G174C SNP, and plasma IL-6 levels in these patients. The genotype distribution and allele frequencies of the IL-6 G174C SNP were predominated by the G genotype/allele (GG: 97.26%, GC: 1.37%, CC: 1.37%, G-allele: 97.95%, and C-allele: 2.05%). Despite the fact that plasma IL-6 levels did not directly affect cardiovascular mortality risk, further analysis revealed its direct effect on the ASCVD risk score (path coefficient = 0.184, p = 0.043, 95% CI = 0.018–0.380), which in turn affected cardiovascular mortality risk (path coefficient = 0.851, p = <0.01, 95% CI = 0.714–0.925). In conclusion, plasma IL-6 levels play important roles on ASCVD risk and cardiovascular mortality risk in Javanese patients with CKD.

Novel Perspectives in Chronic Kidney Disease-Specific Cardiovascular Disease

“…In European (Italian) patients with stage 2–5 CKD, high serum IL-6 was associated with a history of cardiovascular disease and predicted incident cardiovascular events, and this relationship was accompanied by the G174C polymorphism in the IL-6 gene [ 80 ]. This finding has been corroborated in other ethnicities [ 81 ]. Large-scale analyses from the UK Biobank have shown that genetic differences in IL-6 signalling preferentially modified the coronary artery disease risk to a greater extent among those with CKD than without [ 82 ].…”

Untitled

“…These enzymes operate within the window of intervention to reduce oxidative stress (WPOS). This is because cells experience a pseudo-healthy state of oxidative stress, characterized by levels between normal oxidative stress and those generated by disease, which can demonstrate beneficial effects when antioxidants are administered over time [10]. The doses used in this study align with those utilized in previous studies.…”

Analysis of the Effects of IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C Gene Polymorphisms; IL-6 Levels; and CRP Levels on Chronic Periodontitis in Coronary Artery Disease in Indonesia

“…IL-6 and CRP play important roles in forming CAD plaques [17,26,[78][79][80]. CRP is a major parameter for treating CAD patients with periodontitis [17,81,82]. In contrast, CRP is not associated with periodontitis and CAD risk [49,58,83,84].…”