The role of platelet-rich plasma in tissue regeneration

Abstract

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an autologous derivative of whole blood that contains a supraphysiological concentration of platelets, has gained increasing attention in both the scientific literature and the wider media for its potential application in the treatment of traumatic musculoskeletal injury. The theoretical benefit of PRP in providing a local environment for tissue regeneration which is rich in growth factors and other cytokines has been supported by in vitro and animal studies which suggest a positive influence on the migration and proliferation of a number of cell types. However, the reported clinical use of PRP is largely confined to the last two decades and initially centred around its application in dental and maxillofacial surgery. More recently, developments in research of the regenerative effects of PRP in a range of tissue types including bone, cartilage, tendon and muscle, particularly in the context of traumatic injury, have attracted interest in fields such as orthopaedic and plastic surgery where effective union of sometimes poorly vascularised and damaged tissue is a critical determinant of successful clinical outcome. Despite the lack of high-quality trial data, results from clinical studies have been encouraging, and PRP administration remains an attractive strategy given its cost-effective and minimally invasive nature. In this review, we summarise the current literature on the use of PRP and highlight areas of controversy and emerging clinical applications.

Contributions for Classification of Platelet Rich Plasma – Proposal of a New Classification: MARSPILL

“…PRP preparations that use buffy-coat layer will present a great number of mononuclear cells. It plays important roles in the secretion of proteins and it shows a great relevance that cytokines have in tissue repair [26].…”

“…Molecular components correspond to GFs and a diverse family of immunomodulatory proteins [26][27][28][29].…”

“…The global market of regenerative medicine is growing rapidly and is expected to reach 17 trillion yen globally by 2030 [59]. The use of PRP, which has applications in several fields of medicine, such as aesthetics, orthopedics, odontology and wound healing, is still under investigation and promising results can be found in some studies, especially in orthopedics [6,26]. On the other hand, it is difficult to compare the studies due to the heterogeneity of PRP products.…”

Enhancement of tendon–bone healing via the combination of biodegradable collagen-loaded nanofibrous membranes and a three-dimensional printed bone-anchoring bolt

“…3,4 Orthopedic basic science research strategies aiming to augment tendon-bone healing include the use of osteoinductive growth factors, platelet-rich plasma, and enveloping the grafts with periosteum or osteoconductive materials. [5][6][7][8][9] In addition, numerous studies have clinically demonstrated the promotion of tendon-bone anchoring by fixation with a biodegradable interference screw or press-fit bone plug. 10,11 In recent decades, polymeric biomaterials for clinical applications have received increasing attention owing to their additional potential advantages.…”

Revascularization and Treatment Methods

“…7 Plazma içerisindeki trombosit konsantrasyonu ve buna bağlı büyüme faktörleri ne kadar fazlaysa kök hücre çoğalması, doku iyileşmesi ve rejenerasyonu o kadar iyi olmaktadır. 71,72 PRP'den salınan büyüme faktörleri hücrelerin mitoz, kemotaksis, farklılaşma ve iyileşmeyi uyarma yeteneğinde önemli bir role sahiptir. 72 PRP kullanımının; genç hastalardan kan alma zorluğu, özel ekipman ve PRP belirteci gerektirmesi gibi dezavantajları bulunmaktadır.…”