The role of pollinator diversity in the evolution of corolla-shape integration in a pollination-generalist plant clade

Gómez, José M.; Perfectti, Francisco; Klingenberg, Christian Peter

doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0257

Cited by 60 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Previous phylogenetic studies like Moazzeni & al. (2014) or other works from our own group (Gómez & al, 2014a(Gómez & al, , 2014b(Gómez & al, , 2014c are not conclusive to support or question the existence of those two clades since their representation of taxa from the Iberian Peninsula is scarce. The two populations of E. incanum from outside the Baetic Mountains that were included in the analyses fall outside the outcrossing Baetic taxa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Phylogenetic relationships of <em>Erysimum</em> (Brassicaceae) from the Baetic Mountains (SE Iberian Peninsula)

Abdelaziz¹,

Muñoz-Pajares²,

Lorite³

et al. 2014

Anal. Jard. Bot. Madr.

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The Baetic mountains, located in the southern Iberian Peninsula, is a major hotspot of biodiversity in the Mediterranean Basin, constituting one of the most important glacial refugia for vascular plants in Europe. Despite their relatively limited extension, the Baetic Mountains contain almost 50% of the total endemic Erysimum species in the Iberian Peninsula. The broadly distributed Erysimum genus has diversified profusely in the Mediterranean region, with more than a hundred species described in the area, out of a total of c. 200 species included in the genus. We used two plastid DNA regions (ndhF and trnT-L) and one nuclear DNA region (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2), with 3,556 bp total length, to carry out phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony, in order to explore the evolutionary relationships between the Erysimum species inhabiting these ranges. Analyses of concatenated sequences from the two genomes identified two main clades with no overlap in species composition so that samples from the same species fell within the same major clade. The phylogenetic relationships depicted by those two clades do not give support to the E. nevadense group, previously proposed on taxonomic grounds. In addition, our results indicated recurrent changes in flower colour in the Baetic Erysimum species although, alternatively, reticulate evolution, which is suggested by incongruent position of taxa in the different trees, may have also affected this trait. Las cordilleras Béticas, localizadas en el sudeste de la Península Ibérica, representan una importante zona para la biodiversidad de la cuenca mediterránea, constituyendo uno de los refugios glaciares más destacados de plantas vasculares en Europa. A pesar de su extensión relativamente limitada, las cordilleras Béticas albergan casi el 50% del total de las especies endémicas de Erysimum de la Península Ibérica. Erysimum es un género ampliamente distribuido, que se ha diversificado profusamente en la región mediterránea, con más de un centenar de especies descritas en dicha área, del total de las alrededor de 200 especies incluidas en el género. Usamos dos regiones de ADN plastidial (ndhF y trnT-L) y una región de ADN nuclear (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2), con una longitud total de 3.556 pb, para llevar a cabo análisis filogenéticos mediante inferencia bayesiana, máxima verosimilitud y máxima parsimonia, con el fin de explorar las relaciones evolutivas entre las especies de Erysimum que habitan en éstas cordilleras. El análisis de secuencias concatenadas de los dos genomas identifica dos clados principales y las muestras de la misma especie aparecen siempre en un clado o en el otro pero no en ambos. Las relaciones filogenéticas que indican esos dos clados no apoyan la circunscripción del grupo taxonómico E. nevadense, previamente definido en dicho género. Además, los análisis indican cambios recurrentes en el color floral de las especies de Erysimum que habitan los Sistemas Béticos aunque la evolución reticulada, que sugiere la posición de algunos ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Phylogenetic relationships of <em>Erysimum</em> (Brassicaceae) from the Baetic Mountains (SE Iberian Peninsula)

Abdelaziz¹,

Muñoz-Pajares²,

Lorite³

et al. 2014

Anal. Jard. Bot. Madr.

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“…Thus, traits involved in pollen deposition and removal are expected to be integrated into a module due to the selective pressures exerted by pollinators (Fenster et al 2004;Specht and Bartlett 2009;Rosas-Guerrero et al 2010;Diggle 2014;Gómez et al 2014). Combinations of functionally coordinated traits are recognized as being a functional module when they exhibit high correlations among themselves and are independent or quasi-independent from other modules (Berg 1960;Cheverud 1982;Wagner 1996;Herrera et al 2002;Murren et al 2002;Pigliucci 2003;Pigliucci and Preston 2004;Klingenberg 2008;Conner et al 2014;Diggle 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Functional modularity in a forcible flower mechanism: relationships among morphology, biomechanical features and fitness

2015

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Flowers may be interpreted as complex combinations of organs functionally coordinated to attract pollinators and to mechanically interact with the pollinator's body, particularly when flower mechanisms are actively handled by pollinators. Thus, a functional modularity of traits in keel flowers (Fabaceae) was expected because of a compartmentalization between attraction and mechanical functions. To test this hypothesis, we used Collaea argentina, a Fabaceae that exhibits typical keel flowers. The force needed to open keels, the keel displacement angle and floral morphometric traits in 100 plants from a natural population were measured to detect floral characters correlated with the biomechanical variables. Furthermore, we examined the relationships among this functional module, biomechanical variables and female reproductive success to explore whether these traits are the targets of pollinator-mediated phenotypic selection, and used path analysis to examine the causal relationship among these variables. A functional module formed by two morphometric traits of the petals directly involved in the floral mechanism (keel and wings) was found, but no flag trait was involved in this module. Even though the functional module had a positive effect on force and there were significant relationships between the displacement angle and fruit set, no significant effect of force on female reproductive success was detected. These results question whether selection currently plays a role favouring the integration of this module, but this may be consistent with a past stabilizing selection on the force needed to open the keel.

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“…For instance, the amount of integration can be quantified using the scaled variance of eigenvalues [44,107], patterns of covariation between parts can be examined with partial least-squares analysis [10,13,18,85] and hypotheses of modularity can be tested by comparing the strength of covariation between hypothesized modules with that in alternative partitions of landmarks [15,18,37,43,52,76]. In addition to these 'standard tools' for analysing morphological integration and modularity, some morphometric methods are specifically designed to compare patterns of integration in different covariance matrices, a task that is especially relevant for comparisons across multiple levels.…”

Section: Methods For Multilevel Studies Of Integration and Modularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, there also can be intra-individual integration, and investigating this integration may involve developmental, functional and other considerations. A long-standing hypothesis is that flowers with specialized pollination are more highly integrated than vegetative parts or flowers pollinated by wind or non-specialized insects [99], a hypothesis that continues to stimulate new research [44,83,84].…”

Section: Integration In Organisms With Modular Body Plansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying morphological integration and modularity at multiple levels: concepts and analysis

Klingenberg

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Although most studies on integration and modularity have focused on variation among individuals within populations or species, this is not the only level of variation for which integration and modularity exist. Multiple levels of biological variation originate from distinct sources: genetic variation, phenotypic plasticity resulting from environmental heterogeneity, fluctuating asymmetry from random developmental variation and, at the interpopulation or interspecific levels, evolutionary change. The processes that produce variation at all these levels can impart integration or modularity on the covariance structure among morphological traits. In turn, studies of the patterns of integration and modularity can inform about the underlying processes. In particular, the methods of geometric morphometrics offer many advantages for such studies because they can characterize the patterns of morphological variation in great detail and maintain the anatomical context of the structures under study. This paper reviews biological concepts and analytical methods for characterizing patterns of variation and for comparing across levels. Because research comparing patterns across level has only just begun, there are relatively few results, generalizations are difficult and many biological and statistical questions remain unanswered. Nevertheless, it is clear that research using this approach can take advantage of an abundance of new possibilities that are so far largely unexplored.

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The role of pollinator diversity in the evolution of corolla-shape integration in a pollination-generalist plant clade

Cited by 60 publications

References 66 publications

Phylogenetic relationships of <em>Erysimum</em> (Brassicaceae) from the Baetic Mountains (SE Iberian Peninsula)

Phylogenetic relationships of <em>Erysimum</em> (Brassicaceae) from the Baetic Mountains (SE Iberian Peninsula)

Functional modularity in a forcible flower mechanism: relationships among morphology, biomechanical features and fitness

Studying morphological integration and modularity at multiple levels: concepts and analysis

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