The Role of Polyamines in the Mechanisms of Cognitive Impairment

Abstract

—As the population ages, age-related cognitive impairments are becoming an increasingly pressing problem. Currently, the role of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairments of various origin is actively discussed. It was shown that the content of polyamines in the brain tissue decreases with age. Exogenous administration of polyamines makes it possible to avoid cognitive impairment and/or influence the pathogenetic processes associated with disease progression. There are 3 known ways that polyamines can enter the human body: food, synthesis by intestinal bacteria, and biosynthesis in the body. Currently, one of the most promising approaches to the prevention of cognitive impairment is the use of foods with a high content of polyamines, as well as the use of various probiotics that affect intestinal bacteria that synthesize polyamines. Since 2018, in a number of European countries projects have been launched aimed at evaluation of the impact of a diet high in polyamines on cognitive processes. The review, based on analysis of modern scientific literature and the authors' own data, presents material on the effect of polyamines on cognitive processes and the role of polyamines in the regulation of neurotransmitter processes, and discusses the role of polyamines in cognitive disorders in mental and neurological diseases.

Polyamines in Edible and Medicinal Fungi from Serbia: A Novel Perspective on Neuroprotective Properties

“…On the other hand, a high inhibition of the AChE enzyme by the extract of P. caesia coincides with an elevation in specific PAs, including PUT and SPD, while the TPC and TP were among the lowest. This supports the indications that PAs may play a crucial role as neuroprotective agents [69,[71][72][73].…”

“…Interestingly, G. applanatum, which exhibited significant AChE inhibition, also demonstrated a higher concentration of PUT and SPD compared to G. resinaceum. The presence of the elevated levels PUT and SPD in G. applanatum may also contribute to its pronounced AChE inhibitory effects, since these PAs have been implicated in neuroprotective mechanisms and may interact with AChE, potentially altering its catalytic activity due to its positive charge and chaperone-like activity [15,69]. This is supported by the results of the correlation analysis, which showed a high positive correlation between AChE inhibition and levels of PUT and SPD (Figure 3).…”

Effects of soybean cultivar and starter strain on biogenic amines formation during Cheonggukjang fermentation

“…This may be because the content of FAA precursors of BAs was not sufficiently different between the three cultivars to affect the total BA amount in Cheonggukjang . In addition, the formation of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine is complex, as they influence each other's synthesis, and thus, it is difficult to link the content of these three individual BAs with their amino acid precursor, Arg ( Makletsova et al, 2022 ).…”

The Molecular Role of Polyamines in Age-Related Diseases: An Update

“…The metabolism of polyamines is tightly regulated, and any disruption of polyamine levels is associated with various diseases, including cancer, where polyamine levels are frequently elevated [30,31]. Furthermore, elevated polyamine levels are also linked to age-related diseases such as PD and AD [67,100]. This contrasts with the conventional perspective, which primarily attributes the decline in polyamine homeostasis to the aging process [101].…”