The role of porogen-polymer complexation in atrazine imprinted polymer to work as an electrochemical sensor in water

Lah, Nuur Fahanis Che; Ahmad, Abdul Latif; Low, Siew Chun; Shoparwe, Noor Fazliani

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2019.103500

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As the concentration increased, the polymer monolith became denser with a smaller pore diameter, as shown in Table 3 . The shape of the monolith changed drastically with no more globules observed when the porogen is 100% of the toluene used [ 22 ]. Other factors besides the solubility parameters that affected the porous properties of the polymer may have affected the morphology of the polymer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The atrazine MIP was prepared in a 7 mL glass tube by dissolving the atrazine (Atr) template in the porogen (with varying ratios of DMSO and toluene as shown in Table 1 ) [ 10 , 22 ]. The mixture was then added to a functional monomer Methacrylic acid (MAA), crosslinker Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and initiator (Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The kinetics of the heterogeneous electron transfer were determined by conducting the experiments at different scanning rates of 20, 40, 60, and 100 mV·s −1 using a 1 mmol·L −1 K 4 [Fe (CN) 6 ] solution as the supporting electrolyte solution. The sensor construction and setup were prepared according to our previous work [ 22 ] at room temperature (25 °C), as illustrated in Figure 2 . To prepare the sensor electrode for subsequent usage, 0.5 cm 2 of graphite felt was soaked in 5 mL of ethanol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of the fact that MIP binding and selectivity in batch rebinding mode may not be greatly influenced by macroporosity, mass transfer kinetics associated with polymer porosity may be important in applications such as controlled release and template delivery. In our studies to date, we have demonstrated that the MIP imprinting factor for target atrazine increases in the order of acetone < chloroform < DMSO [ 22 ] as a coporogen together with toluene. In order to maximize the potential for additional future applications, the pore formation of the polymer was altered by manipulation of the ratio between solvents to attain an efficient, permeable, and stable system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isotherm and Electrochemical Properties of Atrazine Sensing Using PVC/MIP: Effect of Porogenic Solvent Concentration Ratio

et al. 2021

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Widespread atrazine use is associated with an increasing incidence of contamination of drinking water. Thus, a biosensor using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) was developed to detect the amount of atrazine in water to ensure prevention of exposure levels that could lead to reproductive effects in living organisms. In this study, the influence of the porogen on the selectivity of MIPs was investigated. The porogen plays a pivotal role in molecular imprinting as it affects the physical properties and governs the prepolymerization complex of the resulting polymer, which in turn firmly defines the recognition properties of the resulting molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). Therefore, bulk MIPs against atrazine (Atr) were synthesized based on methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker; they were prepared in toluene and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The imprinting factor, binding capacity, and structural stability were evaluated using the respective porogenic solvents. Along with the characterization of the morphology of the obtained polymers via SEM and BET analysis, the kinetic and adsorption analyses were demonstrated and verified. The highest imprinting factor, binding capacity, and the highest structural stability were found to be on polymer synthesized in a medium of MAA and EGDMA, which contained 90% toluene and 10% DMSO as porogen. Moreover, the response for Atr concentrations by the PVC-based electrochemical sensor was found to be at a detection limit of 0.0049 μM (S/N = 3). The sensor proved to be an effective sensor with high sensitivity and low Limit of Detection (LOD) for Atr detection. The construction of the sensor will act as a baseline for a fully functionalized membrane sensor.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isotherm and Electrochemical Properties of Atrazine Sensing Using PVC/MIP: Effect of Porogenic Solvent Concentration Ratio

et al. 2021

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“…Atrazine diffused through the MIP membrane by the concentration gradient between the two interfaces of the membrane. Another research that offers a similar system proved that by using electrochemical system, the mechanism of the binding can be monitored and simulated by using the electrochemical impedance analysis 75 …”

Section: Mim Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular imprinted membrane biosensor for pesticide detection: Perspectives and challenges

Lah

Ahmad

Low

2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Polymers are crucial component for modern sensor devices. However, comprehensive research on polymer sensor technology is still going strong. Molecular imprinted membrane (MIM) is a great design that demonstrates acceptable recognition ability when integrated with a sensing transducer. Generally, the detection technique that has been widely and sparingly used for pesticide is mass spectrometry merged with gas and/or liquid chromatography. Nevertheless, this review focuses not on these common methods but on the specific methodology of MIM biosensor for the analysis of pesticides. Finally, the transduction schemes of the MIM sensor are reviewed. The interest of this article is sketched to the trends and challenges present in this field of study.

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Hydrophobic polymer nano hybrid ternary composite electrode for nanomolar tracing of Cd²⁺ ions

Mane,

Joshi

2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In the present study, we reported the successful synthesis of a ternary nano hybrid polymer composite system obtained by solution casting. Composing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) derived ECM ternary electrode. It demonstrated an excellent electrochemical sensor performance and a more efficient supercapacitor. Chemical structure of hybrid electrode Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) illustrated the CS and CN stretching with MoS2 and CNT new bands (at 1368 and 1032 cm−1). FE‐SEM and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) 3D topographic image identified the decreased rough morphology of the hybrid electrode. Whereas contact angle measurements revealed the enhanced wettability of electrode system. Microporous nature of the hybrid electrode was observed through SEM investigation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the nano hybrid entity in a hybrid electrode system. XRD and TEM investigation confirmed semicrystalline phase of the hybrid electrode system due to the presence of MoS2. D band, G bands, E12g and A1g vibrational modes in Raman spectroscopy revealed the occupied hybrid filler CNTs and MoS2. An electroactive site for the Cd2+ ion sensor was confirmed by the ECM/PGE hybrid electrode. It comply the desirable sensor qualities, such as excellent selectivity, reproducibility and repeatability with a high accuracy and lower detection limit of 15 nM. Additionally, the ECM/PGE electrode demonstrated a capacitive nature with an aerial capacitance of 73 μF/cm2 at an applied current density of 3 μA/cm2. Furthermore, it exhibited a power density of 44 mW/cm2 and an energy density of 148 μWh/cm2 over a wide potential range of 1 V.

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The role of porogen-polymer complexation in atrazine imprinted polymer to work as an electrochemical sensor in water

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Isotherm and Electrochemical Properties of Atrazine Sensing Using PVC/MIP: Effect of Porogenic Solvent Concentration Ratio

Isotherm and Electrochemical Properties of Atrazine Sensing Using PVC/MIP: Effect of Porogenic Solvent Concentration Ratio

Molecular imprinted membrane biosensor for pesticide detection: Perspectives and challenges

Hydrophobic polymer nano hybrid ternary composite electrode for nanomolar tracing of Cd²⁺ ions

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The role of porogen-polymer complexation in atrazine imprinted polymer to work as an electrochemical sensor in water

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Isotherm and Electrochemical Properties of Atrazine Sensing Using PVC/MIP: Effect of Porogenic Solvent Concentration Ratio

Isotherm and Electrochemical Properties of Atrazine Sensing Using PVC/MIP: Effect of Porogenic Solvent Concentration Ratio

Molecular imprinted membrane biosensor for pesticide detection: Perspectives and challenges

Hydrophobic polymer nano hybrid ternary composite electrode for nanomolar tracing of Cd2+ ions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Hydrophobic polymer nano hybrid ternary composite electrode for nanomolar tracing of Cd²⁺ ions