The Role of Postharvest Machineries and Packaging in Minimizing Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut

Paramawati, Raffi; Widodo, Puji; Budiharti, Uning; Handaka, Handaka

doi:10.21082/ijas.v7n1.2006.p15-19

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Hepsag et al detected total levels of aflatoxins in pistachio samples, ranging from 0.26 µg/kg to 385 µg/kg and from 0.16 to 60.9 µg/kg in groundnuts [48]. Fu et al, 2018 found in their study that PET is more suitable to store peanuts, pistachios, and other oleaginous products due to its good properties for maintaining the safety of the products [49,50].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Nuts and Dry Nuts Packed in Four Different Plastic Packaging from the Romanian Market

et al. 2020

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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by various fungi. A very important category of mycotoxins are aflatoxins, considered to be the most dangerous in humans. Aflatoxin B1, well known as a favorable factor in the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans, is the most controversial of all mycotoxins. Aflatoxins, found in naturally contaminated food, are resistant to degradation by heat. Current food processing practices and conventional storage conditions do not completely eliminate aflatoxin contamination from the food supply chain. Long storage food products—such as peanuts, pistachio, nuts in general, and dried fruits—are susceptible to aflatoxins contamination. The type of plastic material can influence the concentration of aflatoxins during storage due to the permeability to gas and moisture exchange with the external milieu. Nuts in general and dried fruits are consumed in large quantities worldwide. Therefore, herein we investigated the effect of plastic material on the total aflatoxins and aflatoxin B1 content in 64 samples of nuts and dried fruits packed and stored in low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The method consisted in a cleanup procedure using immunoaffinity columns coupled with RIDASCREEN FAST immunoenzymatic competitive assays based on the ELISA technique. Collected data were subjected to statistical analysis and multiple comparisons tests were applied. From the total analyzed samples, 14.06% exceeded the maximum admitted European levels for total aflatoxins. The highest concentrations of total aflatoxins were obtained from samples packed in LDPE, followed by PP, PE, and PET. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in all samples packed in LDPE, PP, and PE. Most of the samples packed in PET had concentrations <1 µg/kg. These results indicate that nuts in general packed and stored in LDPE are more prone to contamination with aflatoxins, while PET is more suitable for maintaining the quality and safety of these products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Nuts and Dry Nuts Packed in Four Different Plastic Packaging from the Romanian Market

et al. 2020

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“…These triple-layer bags are now being marketed in Africa (Ben et al, 2009). Hermetic packaging could protect groundnuts from moulds and aflatoxin contamination (Paramawati et al, 2006). Preliminary studies have indicated the efficacy of hermetic storage of groundnut pods using triple-layer polyethylene bags in minimising aflatoxins (H. Sudini, unpublished data).…”

Section: Storage Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Post-harvest machines, such as threshers, dryers and shellers, help to increase yield and reduce post-harvest processing and drying time. As a result, they are often associated with decreased aflatoxin contamination in groundnuts (Paramawati et al, 2006).…”

Section: Use Of Post-harvest Machinerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-harvest management of aflatoxin contamination in groundnut

Waliyar

Osiru

Ntare

et al. 2015

WMJ

106

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Aflatoxin contamination in groundnut by Aspergillus section Flavi is a major pre- and post-harvest problem causing kernel-quality loss. Post-harvest aflatoxin contamination is caused initially by infestation of aflatoxigenic strains at the pre-harvest stage, resulting in reduced kernel quality after harvest. Improper handling of pods and storage methods after harvest lead to high moisture and ambient temperatures, directly causing aflatoxin contamination. In this review, we report the extent of post-harvest contamination along the groundnut value chain in the Kolokani, Kayes, and Kita districts of Mali in West Africa. Groundnut kernels and paste samples were collected from retailers in selected markets from December 2010 to June 2011, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) content was estimated. Aflatoxin was significantly higher in groundnut paste than in kernels. Kolokani recorded the highest toxin levels in both kernels and groundnut paste compared with the other districts. Overall, AFB1 levels in kernels and paste increased during storage at the market level in the three districts and were above permissible levels (≯20 μg/kg). The effect of weather factors on post-harvest contamination and the reasons for aflatoxin build-up in Mali are discussed. This paper also highlights different management tools for reducing post-harvest aflatoxin contamination, such as post-harvest grain handling, post-harvest machinery, physical separation, storage methods and conditions, disinfestation, detoxification, inactivation, filtration, binding agents, and antifungal compounds. Post-harvest management options and enhanced use of good agricultural practices for mitigating this problem in Mali are also presented.

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“…This could be attributed to the hermetic bags helping to reduce oxygen levels. Since oxygen is essential for aflatoxin production in aflatoxigenic fungi, its absence in the packages (hermetic packaging) will minimize fungal growth (Paramawati et al 2006) and hence aflatoxin production. Ellis et al (1993) also reported that aflatoxin production by A. flavus was reduced to safe and acceptable levels (\ 20 ppb) by reducing oxygen levels in packaging systems.…”

Section: Aflatoxin Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of packaging and pre-storage treatments on aflatoxin production in peanut storage under controlled conditions

et al. 2018

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This study reports on aflatoxin production and peanut (Bailey's variety) quality, for four peanut pre-storage treatments; [(Raw clean (Raw-Cl), Raw inoculated with NRRL 3357 (Raw-Inf), inoculated partially roasted but not-blanched (PRN-blanch); and inoculated partially roasted, blanched with discolored nuts sorted out (PR-blanched)]. All four treated samples were packaged in four different packaging systems [polypropylene woven sacks (PS), hermetic packs (HP), hermetic packs with oxygen absorbers (HPO), and vacuumed hermetic packs (HPV)] and stored under controlled conditions at a temperature of 30 ± 1 °C and water activity of 0.85 ± 0.02, for 14 weeks. Raw-Inf samples in PS had a higher fungal growth with a mean value of 8.01 × 10 CFU/g, compared to the mean values of samples in hermetic packs: 1.07 × 10 CFU/g for HP, 14.55 CFU/g for HPO, and 57.82 CFU/g for HPV. Similarly, the hermetic bags were able to reduce aflatoxin level of the Raw-Inf samples by 50.6% (HP), 63.0% (HPV), and 66.8% (HPO). Partial roasting and blanching in PS also reduced aflatoxin level by about 74.6%. Quality maintenance was the best for peanuts in HPO, recording peroxide value (PV) of 10.16 meq/kg and -Anisidine (-Av) of 3.95 meq/kg compared to samples in polypropylene woven sacks which had PV of 19.25 meq/kg and -Av of 6.48 meq/kg. These results indicate that using zero-oxygen hermetic packaging, instead of the conventional polypropylene woven sacks, helped to suppress aflatoxin production and quality deterioration. Also, partially roasted, blanched and sorted peanuts showed a potential for reducing aflatoxin presence during storage.

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The Role of Postharvest Machineries and Packaging in Minimizing Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

The Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Nuts and Dry Nuts Packed in Four Different Plastic Packaging from the Romanian Market

The Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Nuts and Dry Nuts Packed in Four Different Plastic Packaging from the Romanian Market

Post-harvest management of aflatoxin contamination in groundnut

Effects of packaging and pre-storage treatments on aflatoxin production in peanut storage under controlled conditions

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