The role of public policies in reducing smoking prevalence: results from the Michigan SimSmoke tobacco policy simulation model

Levy, David T.; Huang, An; Havumaki, Joshua; Meza, Rafael

doi:10.1007/s10552-016-0735-4

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Most of the effect is in getting smokers to reduce their daily cigarette consumption so the effect on smoking prevalence has been found to be an average of a 1–2 percentage point prevalence reduction for every 10% increase in the real cost (Levy, Huang, Havumaki, & Meza, 2016). It has been claimed that increasing taxes on tobacco increases the amount of smuggling of cheap tobacco, but the evidence does not support this (Action on Smoking and Health, 2015a; Joossens & Raw, 2003).…”

Section: Interventions To Combat Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions

West

2017

Psychology & Health

489

327

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Background and objectives: Despite reductions in prevalence in recent years, tobacco smoking remains one of the main preventable causes of ill-health and premature death worldwide. This paper reviews the extent and nature of harms caused by smoking, the benefits of stopping, patterns of smoking, psychological, pharmacological and social factors that contribute to uptake and maintenance of smoking, the effectiveness of population and individual level interventions aimed at combatting tobacco smoking, and the effectiveness of methods used to reduce the harm caused by continued use of tobacco or nicotine in some form. Results and conclusions: Smoking behaviour is maintained primarily by the positive and negative reinforcing properties of nicotine delivered rapidly in a way that is affordable and palatable, with the negative health consequences mostly being sufficiently uncertain and distant in time not to create sufficient immediate concern to deter the behaviour. Raising immediate concerns about smoking by tax increases, social marketing and brief advice from health professionals can increase the rate at which smokers try to stop. Providing behavioural and pharmacological support can improve the rate at which those quit attempts succeed. Implementing national programmes containing these components are effective in reducing tobacco smoking prevalence and reducing smoking-related death and disease.

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Section: Interventions To Combat Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions

West

2017

Psychology & Health

489

327

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“…For Minnesota, Levy et al estimated that price increases during 1994 to 2011 reduced smoking prevalence by 13.5% and 13.6%, in relative terms, for men and women ages 15 and above, respectively. [10] In our analysis, smoking prevalence among adults decreased 15.7% in relative terms in response to price changes from 1997 to 2017 (Fig 2). The difference in estimates may be driven largely by the $1.60 tax increase in 2013 and subsequent inflation indexing of state tobacco taxes at the end of the time period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…State lawmakers may be motivated to support increases in tobacco taxes and/or tobacco control expenditures for various reasons, including improved health, reduced medial costs, improved productivity, and increased general revenue funds. Analyses of state-level policies have evaluated their impact on a variety of smoking-related behaviors, [1] and simulations have estimated the current and future impacts on prevalence, mortality, and medical spending, [10][11][12][13][14] but have not addressed the broader array of outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 20-year impact of tobacco price and tobacco control expenditure increases in Minnesota, 1998-2017

Maciosek¹,

LaFrance²,

Claire³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Tobacco control programs and policies reduce tobacco use and prevent health and economic harms. The majority of tobacco control programs and policies in the United States are implemented at local and state levels. Yet the literature on state-level initiatives reports a limited set of outcomes. To facilitate decision-making that is increasingly focused on costs, we provide estimates of a broader set of measures of the impact of tobacco control policy, including smoking prevalence, disease events, deaths, medical costs, productivity and tobacco tax revenues, using the experience of Minnesota as an example. Methods Using the HealthPartners Institute's ModelHealth™: Tobacco MN microsimulation, we assessed the impact of the stream of tobacco control expenditures and cigarette price increases from 1998 to 2017. We simulated 1.3 million individuals representative of the Minnesota population. Results The simulation estimated that increased expenditures on tobacco control above 1997 levels prevented 38,400 cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes and respiratory disease events and 4,100 deaths over 20 years. Increased prices prevented 14,600 additional events and 1,700 additional deaths. Both the net increase in tax revenues and the reduction in medical costs were greater than the additional investments in tobacco control. Conclusion Combined, the policies address both short-term and long-term goals to reduce the harms of tobacco by helping adults who wish to quit smoking and deterring youth from starting to smoke. States can pay for initial investments in tobacco control through tax increases and recoup those investments through reduced expenditures on medical care.

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“…Improving vaccination coverage requires encouraging an audience to take an action, or alter their existing habits and may, therefore, be more comparable to campaigns designed to promote positive attitudes towards the subject behaviour, such as exercise, or seeking screening for cancer (see Box 1). In addition, many of the most successful public health campaigns have incorporated legislative action such as bans on the sale of alcohol or cigarettes to minors, restriction on alcohol blood levels for drivers or restricting areas where smoking is permitted [85][86][87][88]. However, legislative action to reduce defined behaviours is intrinsically easier than legislative action to reduce non-compliance with a behaviour.…”

Section: What Be Done To Boost Coverage? Changing the Public Perceptimentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult vaccination as part of a healthy lifestyle: moving from medical intervention to health promotion

Doherty

Giudice²,

Maggi

2019

Annals of Medicine

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As the global population ages, there is concern about the effect of an increased proportion of older individuals on the economic sustainability of healthcare systems and the social effects of an older society. Health authorities and advocacy groups in countries at the forefront of this trend are now developing strategies to ameliorate the social and financial effects of an ageing population. There is broad agreement that for both society and for the individuals, it is important to ensure that increasing lifespans are matched with increased "healthspans"the number of years spent in good health. There is also growing consensus that vaccination is one of the tools that can play an important role in improving adult healththough currently vaccination coverage is often poor. This review focuses on two issues that consistently appear to be associated with under-vaccination: the low awareness of risk (and potential consequences) for vaccine-preventable diseases and a poor understanding of the value of improved vaccination coverage for adults. We suggest that understanding of vaccination as a health-promoting activity, rather than a medical intervention designed to prevent the spread of a specific pathogenis a crucial step to improve vaccination uptake among adults (see Supplementary video abstract). KEY MESSAGES As populations age globally, we are seeing an increasing burden of vaccine-preventable disease in adults. Adult vaccination against some common diseases has been shown to dramatically improve health and quality of life for older people. Despite the attested benefits, vaccination coverage is almost always poor in adults, even in countries where access is free at point of care. In this article, we discuss what appears to a neglected issue in adult vaccination, that of personal autonomy. We argue that adult vaccination will only be successful if it respects individual autonomy and that this requires treating the choice to vaccinate as a public health issue akin to smoking cessation, exercise and healthy diet.

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The role of public policies in reducing smoking prevalence: results from the Michigan SimSmoke tobacco policy simulation model

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions

Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions

The 20-year impact of tobacco price and tobacco control expenditure increases in Minnesota, 1998-2017

Adult vaccination as part of a healthy lifestyle: moving from medical intervention to health promotion

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