The role of Recent Pharmacotherapeutic Options on the Management of Treatment Resistant Type 2 Diabetes

Kroopnick, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1080/14656566.2022.2089021

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 91 publications

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“…Due to their diverse yet complementary mechanisms for reducing HbA1c levels, these novel therapies hold great promise in managing type 2 diabetes resistant to traditional treatment approaches. [ 15 ] By the 3rd month, over 50% of the participants were taking sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. In Turkey, exenatide—the only covered GLP analogues—is covered by health insurance for people with a BMI of 35 or greater, as well as those who are not using basal-bolus or mixed insulin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of close and intensive therapeutic monitoring of patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes with different glycemic background

Erbakan,

Arslan Bahadir,

Kaya

et al. 2023

Medicine

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Patients with type 2 diabetes who have HbA1c values ≥ 10% have different previous glycemic trends, including new diagnosis of diabetes. We aimed to assess the efficacy of 3 months of intensive and facilitated antihyperglycemic treatment in patients with different glycemic backgrounds. In this observational study, patients with type 2 diabetes and poor glycemic control (indicated by an HbA1c level of > = 10%) were divided into groups based on their previous HbA1c levels (group 1; newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics, group 2; patients with previously controlled but now deteriorated HbA1c levels, group 3; patients whose HbA1c was not previously in the target range but was now above 10%, and group 4; patients whose HbA1c was above 10% from the start). Patients received intensive diabetes management with close monitoring and facilitated hospital visits. For further analysis, patients who were known to have previously had good metabolic control (either did not have diabetes or had previously had an HbA1c value < =7) and patients who had prior poor metabolic control were analyzed separately. Of the 195 participants [female, n = 84 (43.1%)], the median age was 54 years (inter-quantile range [IQR] = 15, min = 29, max = 80) and the median baseline HbA1c was 11.8% (IQR = 2.6%, min = 10%, max = 18.3%). The median duration of diabetes was 10 years (IQR = 9, min = 1, max = 35) when newly diagnosed patients were excluded. The ≥ 20% reduction in HbA1c at month 3 was observed in groups 1 to 4 in 97%, 88.1%, 69.1%, and 55.4%, respectively. The percentage of patients who achieved an HbA1c level of 7% or less was 60.6%, 38.1%, 16.4%, and 6.2% in the groups, respectively. The rate of those who achieved an HbA1c of 7% or less was nearly 50% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had previously had good metabolic control, whereas successful control was achieved in only 1 in 10 patients with persistently high HbA1c levels. Patients’ glycemic history played an important role in determining their HbA1c levels at 3 months, suggesting that previous glycemic management patterns may indicate future success in diabetes control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of close and intensive therapeutic monitoring of patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes with different glycemic background

Erbakan,

Arslan Bahadir,

Kaya

et al. 2023

Medicine

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GLP-1/GIP Agonist as an Intriguing and Ultimate Remedy for Combating Alzheimer’s Disease through its Supporting DPP4 Inhibitors: A Review

Abubakar,

Nama,

Ansari

et al. 2024

CTMC

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Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurological illness in the elderly, which impacted about 50 million people globally in 2020. Type 2 diabetes has been identified as a risk factor. Insulin and incretins are substances that have various impacts on neurodegenerative processes. Preclinical research has shown that GLP-1 receptor agonists decrease neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, amyloid deposition, synaptic function, and memory formation. Phase 2 and 3 studies are now occurring in Alzheimer’s disease populations. In this article, we present a detailed assessment of the therapeutic potential of GLP-1 analogues and DPP4 inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease. Aim: This study aimed to gain insight into how GLP-1 analogues and associated antagonists of DPP4 safeguard against AD. Methods: This study uses terms from search engines, such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, to explore the role, function, and treatment options of the GLP-1 analogue for AD. Results: The review suggested that GLP-1 analogues may be useful for treating AD because they have been linked to anti-inflammatory, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective characteristics. Throughout this review, we discuss the underlying causes of AD and how GLP signaling functions. Conclusion: With a focus on AD, the molecular and pharmacological effects of a few GLP-1/GIP analogs, both synthetic and natural, as well as DPP4 inhibitors, have been mentioned, which are in the preclinical and clinical studies. This has been demonstrated to improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients.

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Pharmacological Support for the Treatment of Obesity—Present and Future

et al. 2023

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Obesity is a growing civilization problem, associated with a number of negative health consequences affecting almost all tissues and organs. Currently, obesity treatment includes lifestyle modifications (including diet and exercise), pharmacologic therapies, and in some clinical situations, bariatric surgery. These treatments seem to be the most effective method supporting the treatment of obesity. However, they are many limitations to the options, both for the practitioners and patients. Often the comorbidities, cost, age of the patient, and even geographic locations may influence the choices. The pharmacotherapy of obesity is a fast-growing market. Currently, we have at our disposal drugs with various mechanisms of action (directly reducing the absorption of calories—orlistat, acting centrally—bupropion with naltrexone, phentermine with topiramate, or multidirectional—liraglutide, dulaglutide, semaglutide). The drugs whose weight-reducing effect is used in the course of the pharmacotherapy of other diseases (e.g., glucose-sodium cotransporter inhibitors, exenatide) are also worth mentioning. The obesity pharmacotherapy is focusing on novel therapeutic agents with improved safety and efficacy profiles. These trends also include an assessment of the usefulness of the weight-reducing properties of the drugs previously used for other diseases. The presented paper is an overview of the studies related to both drugs currently used in the pharmacotherapy of obesity and those undergoing clinical trials, taking into account the individual approach to the patient.

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The role of Recent Pharmacotherapeutic Options on the Management of Treatment Resistant Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 3 publications

References 91 publications

The effect of close and intensive therapeutic monitoring of patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes with different glycemic background

The effect of close and intensive therapeutic monitoring of patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes with different glycemic background

GLP-1/GIP Agonist as an Intriguing and Ultimate Remedy for Combating Alzheimer’s Disease through its Supporting DPP4 Inhibitors: A Review

Pharmacological Support for the Treatment of Obesity—Present and Future

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